Optimizing Biochar Applications for Improved Growth and Nutritional Quality of Basil Plants Using Rice and Corn Biochars
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v13i4.941-945.7371Keywords:
Heavy metal, Nutrient element, Biochar, Edible flowerAbstract
The study aimed to determine the effects of biochar obtained from rice husk and corn harvest residues on the growth, nutritional content and some biochemical properties of basil plants. Both biochars were applied by mixing them into potting soil at 2% and 5% rates. To determine the effect of applications on plant development, the height and weight of plants and leaf weights, and number of side branches were recorded. Additionally, chlorophyll content (SPAD), phenol content, antioxidant content and P, Mg, Ca, K, S, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu and B concentrations in the leaves were determined. Compared to the control, significant increases were detected in the leaf weights, height and weights of the plants grown in all pots containing biochar. The highest plants were obtained from 5% rice biochar (RB5) treatment. The highest leaf weight and the highest number of side branches were also observed. in the RB5 treatment. Leaf K contents in RB5 and maize harvest residue biochar (CB) treatments were higher compared to the control. Leaf B, Fe and Mn contents were lower in certain biochar treatments than the control. Biochar applications did not cause a significant change in the antioxidant and chlorophyll content of basil plants. The total phenolic content significantly increased only in RB5 treatment. The effect of biochar application varied depending on the application rate and the properties of the biomass from which the biochar was obtained. Therefore, it is not possible to draw a general conclusion about the effects of biochar applications on plant growth. Contradictory results can be obtained depending on the type of plants and biochars and the characteristics of the growth medium.
References
Acir, Y., Erdem, H. (2020). The effect of biochar applications on cadmium (Cd) uptake of bread wheat. Academic Journal of Agriculture 9(2): 327-336. ISSN: 2147-6403 e-ISSN: 2618-5881 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29278/azd.813360 (in Turkish).
Asımgil, A. (1996). Medicinal Herbs, Timaş Publications, 352 pp, Istanbul. (in Turkish).
Bayramoğlu, E. (2016). Sustainable Landscape Arrangement Approach: Evaluation of KTU Kanuni Campus in terms of Xeriscape, Journal of Artvin Coruh University, Faculty of Forestry,17(2), 119-127. (in Turkish).
Baytop, T. (1999). Treatment with Herbs in Turkey (Past and Present), 2nd Edition Nobel Medicine Bookstores Ltd. Sti. pp 3-8, Istanbul (in Turkish).
Conte, P., Marsala, V., De Pasquale, C., Bubici, S., Valagussa, M., Pozzi, A., Alonzo, G. (2013). Nature of water-biochar interface interactions, GCB Bioenergy 5:116–121.
Ding, Z., Zhou, Z., Lin, X., Zhao, F., Wang, B., Lin, F., Ge, Y., Eissaet, M.A. (2020). Biochar impacts on NH3-volatilisation kinetics and growth of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under saline conditions. Ind. Crop. Prod. 157, 112903.
Dispenza, V., De Pasquale, C., Fascella, G., Mammano, M.M., Alonzo, G. (2016). Use of biochar as peat substitute for growing substrates of Euphorbia × lomi potted plants. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 14(4), 1-11.
Eo, J., Park, K.C., Kim, M.H., Kwon, S.I., Song, Y.J. (2018). Effects of rice husk and rice husk biochar on root rot disease of ginseng (Panax ginseng) and on soil organisms, Biological Agriculture & Horticulture, 34(1), 27-39.
Erdem, H., Kınay, A., Gunal, E., Yaban, H., Tutus, Y. (2017). The effects of biochar application on cadmium uptake of tobacco. Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 12(2), 447-456
Głodowska, M., Schwinghamer, T., Husk, B., Smith, D. (2017). Biochar based inoculants improve soybean growth and nodulation. Agric. Sci. 8, 1048–1064. https://doi.org/ 10.4236/as.2017.89076.
Günal, H., Bayram, Ö., Günal, E., Erdem, H. (2019). Characterization of soil amendment potential of 18 different biochar types produced by slow pyrolysis. Eurasian J. Soil Sci., 8 (4) :329-339.
Günal, E., Erdem, H. (2021). Effects of Three Different Biochars Enriched with Dairy Effluent on Wheat Growth. Levantine Journal of Applied Sciences, 1:1-15. https://doi.org/10.56917/ljoas.1
He, Y., Yao, Y., Ji, Y., Deng, J., Zhou, G., Liu, R., Shao, J., Zhou, L., Li, N., Zhou, X., Bai, SH. (2020). Biochar amendment boosts photosynthesis and biomass in C3 but not C4 plants: a global synthesis. GCB Bioenergy 12, 605–617. https://doi.org/10.1111/ gcbb.12720.
Jabborova, D., Ma, H., Bellingrath-Kimura, S.D., Wirth, S. (2021). Impacts of biochar on basil (Ocimum basilicum) growth, root morphological traits, plant biochemical and physiological properties and soil enzymatic activities.
Jeffrey, S., Verheijen, F.G.A., Van der Velde, M., Bastos, A.C. (2011). A quantitative review of the effects of biochar application to soils on crop productivity using meta-analysis. Agric Ecosyst Environ 144:175–187.
Kacar, B., İnal, A. (2008). Plant Analysis, Nobel Publishing Distribution Ltd. Publications, Publication No: 1241; Sciences: 63, (I. Edition) Ankara (in Turkish)
Karagöz, A., Zencirci, N., Tan, A., Taşkın, T., Köksel, H., Sürek, M., Toker, C., Özbek, K. (2010). Conservation and Use of Plant Genetic Resources, Turkish Chamber of Agricultural Engineers VII. Technical Congress, 11-15. (in Turkish)
Karhu, K., Mattila, T., Bergstrom, I., Regina, K. (2011). Biochar addition to agricultural soil increased CH4 uptake and water holding capacity – results from a short-term pilot field study. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 140, 309–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. agee.2010.12.005
Kim, H.S., Kim, K.R., Yang, J.E., Ok, Y.S., Kim, W.I., Kunhikrishnan, A., Kim, K.H. (2017). Amelioration of horticultural hrowing media properties through rice hull biochar incorporation. Waste Biomass Valor 8:483–492
Lehmann, J., da Silva, Jr., JP, Steiner, C., Nehls, T., Zech, W., Glaser, B. (2003). Nutrient availability and leaching in an archaeological Anthrosol and a Ferralsol of the Central Amazon basin: fertilizer, manure and charcoal amendments, Plant and Soil 249: 343–357
Lehmann, J., Gaunt, J., Rondon, M. (2006). Bio-char sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems-a review. Mitig. Adapt. Strateg. Glob. Chang. 11, 403–427
Luo, L., Gu, J.D. (2016). Alteration of extracellular enzyme activity and microbial abundance by biochar addition: Implication for carbon sequestration in subtropical mangrove sediment. Journal of Environmental Management 182: 29-36
Ma, H., Egamberdieva, D., Wirth, S., Bellingrath-Kimura, S.D. (2019). Effect of biochar and irrigation on soybean-rhizobium symbiotic performance and soil enzymatic activity in field rhizosphere. Agronomy 9, 626
Nobile, C., Denier, J., Houben, D. (2020). Linking biochar properties to biomass of basil, lettuce and pansy cultivated in growing media. Sci. Hortic. 261, 109001 https://doi. org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.109001.
Pouya, S., Demir, S. (2017). The use of medicinal and aromatic plants in landscape architecture, The Journal of International Social Research 10:4 www.sosyalarastirmalar.com ISSN:1307-9581 http://dx.doi.org/10.17719/jisr.20175434680 (in Turkish).
Quartacci, M.F., Sgherri, C., Frisenda, S. (2017). Biochar amendment affects phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity restoring the nutraceutical value of lettuce grown in a copper-contaminated soil. Sci. Hortic., 215 (2017), pp. 9-14.
Ronsse, F., Van Hecke, S., Dickinson, D., Prins, W. (2013). Production and characterization of slow pyrolysis biochar: influence of feedstock type and pyrolysis conditions. Gcb Bioenergy, 5(2), 104-115.
Saracoglu, O. (2018). Phytochemical accumulation of anthocyanin rich mulberry (Morus laevigata) during ripening. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 12(3), 2158-2163.
Sharafzadeh, S., & Alizadeh, O. (2011). Nutrient supply and fertilization of basil. Advances in Environmental Biology, 5(5), 956-960.
Singleton, V., Rossi, JL. (1965). Colorimetry of Total Phenolics with Phosphomolybdic-Phosphotungstic Acid Reagents. Amer. J. Enol. Vitic. 16:144-158.
Skaltsa, H., Loukis, A. (1985). Analysis of the Essential Oil of Grek Sweet Basil. Laboratory of Pharmacognosy- University of Athens PH. D Thesis.
Wang, Y., Yin, R., Liu, R. (2014). Characterization of biochar from fast pyrolysis and its effect on chemical properties of the tea garden soil. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 110, 375–381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2014.10.006
Zhang, A.F., Bian, R.J., Pan, G.X., Cui, L.Q., Hussain, Q., Li, L.Q., Zweng, J., Zheng, X., Han, X., Yu, X. (2012 ). Effects of biochar amendment on soil quality, crop yield and greenhouse gas emission in a Chinese rice paddy: A field study of 2 consecutive rice growing cycles. Field Crops Research 127: 153-160.
Zhang, K., Wang, Y., Mao, J., Chen, B., 2020. Effects of biochar nanoparticles on seed germination and seedling growth. Environ. Pollut. 256, 113409 https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113409.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
