Determination of Morphological and Pomological Characters of Denizli (Tavas) Almond (Prunus amygdalus L.) Genotypes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v13i4.978-984.7405Keywords:
Prunus amygdalus, PCA, Cluster analysis, Genetic resourcesAbstract
In this study, pomological and colorimetric characteristics of 38 almond genotypes naturally growing in Tavas district of Denizli province were investigated. Among the examined genotypes, fruit weight ranged from 3.00 to 6.87 g, kernel weight from 0.26 to 1.98 g, and kernel ratio from 13.26% to 43.30%. Regarding fruit dimensions, the highest coefficient of variation was observed in length (18.70%), while the lowest was in thickness (7.55%). For color parameters, L* values ranged from 36.51 to 55.90, a* values from 10.11 to 15.23, and b* values from 26.16 to 39.93. In hierarchical cluster analysis, genotypes were grouped under two main clusters, with genetic distances varying between 1.21 and 10.05. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the first five components explained 68.84% of the total variation. The highest contributions to PC1 axis were provided by b* (0.433), fruit length (0.389), and kernel length (0.375), while Chroma (0.429) and kernel width (0.200) contributed most significantly to PC2 axis. The results indicated that the examined population exhibited significant genetic diversity, and particularly genotypes numbered 1, 5, 9, and 17 were identified as valuable genetic resources for breeding programs.
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