Monitoring Fruit Fly Species in Different Altitudes of Sweet Orange Orchards of Sindhuli, Nepal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v13i7.1731-1736.7498Keywords:
Fruit Fly Monitoring, Sweet Orange Orchards, Bactrocera Species, Altitude Variation, Pest ManagementAbstract
This research focused on assessing economically impactful fruit fly species across different altitudes in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) orchards in Sindhuli, Nepal. The study aimed to determine species distribution, population dynamics, and the effectiveness of various lures to guide integrated pest management strategies. A two-factor factorial randomized complete block design was implemented, utilizing 24 Steiner traps baited with Methyl Eugenol (ME) and Cue Lure (CL) at altitudes of 1100-1200 m, 1201-1300 m, and 1301-1400 m from March to June 2023. Weekly data collection and bi-weekly lure replacement ensured precise monitoring. The study identified five fruit fly species: Bactrocera dorsalis, B. zonata, Zeugodacus tau, Z. scutellaris, and Z. cucurbitae. B. dorsalis and B. zonata were the most dominant, with their populations decreasing at higher elevations. ME traps primarily attracted B. dorsalis and B. zonata, while CL traps were more effective for Z. tau, Z. scutellaris, and Z. cucurbitae. The fruit fly population consistently grew from early April, peaking in mid-June, coinciding with fruit ripening and rising temperatures. The results underscore the significant effects of altitude and lure selection on fruit fly populations, highlighting the importance of targeted pest control measures. This research offers valuable insights for enhancing crop protection and meeting international export requirements.
References
Adhikari, D., & C, Y. D. G. (2020). Opportunity to Export Citrus Fruit from Nepal to China : Activities Accomplished on Plant Quarantine Concerned. 8(5), 438–444.
Adhikari, D., & Thapa, R. B. (2020). Fruit fly management in Nepal : A case from plant clinic Fruit fly management in Nepal : A case from plant clinic. March. https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2020/22833
Economics, A., & Library, D. (n.d.). This document is discoverable and free to researchers across the globe due to the work of AgEcon Search . Help ensure our sustainability .
Etebu, E., Nwauzoma, A. B., Island, W., Biology, E., Harcourt, P., & Norte, A. (n.d.). A REVIEW ON SWEET ORANGE ( CITRUS SINENSIS L Osbeck ): HEALTH , DISEASES AND MANAGEMENT. 2(2), 33–70.
Lanzavecchia, S. B., Juri, M., Bonomi, A., Gomulski, L., Scannapieco, A. C., Segura, D. F., Malacrida, A., Cladera, J. L., & Gasperi, G. (2014). Microsatellite markers from the ‘ South American fruit fly ’ Anastrepha fraterculus : a valuable tool for population genetic analysis and SIT applications. 15(Suppl 2).
Meh, V. C. U., Arcia, L. E. G., & Eyer, M. D. M. (2008). Original article Fruit flies of citrus in Nigeria : species diversity , relative abundance and spread in major producing areas. 63(3), 145–153. https://doi.org/10.1051/fruits
Seminara, S., Bennici, S., Guardo, M. Di, Caruso, M., Gentile, A., Malfa, S. La, & Distefano, G. (2023). Sweet Orange: Evolution, Characterization, Varieties, and Breeding Perspectives.
Sharma, D. R., Adhikari, D., & Tiwari, D. B. (2016). Fruit Fly Surveillance in Nepal Fruit Fly Surveillance in Nepal. August.
Shaurub, S. H. (2022). Review of entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes as biological control agents of tephritid fruit flies : current status and a future vision. March, 17–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.13244
Sultana, S., Baumgartner, J. B., Dominiak, B. C., Royer, J. E., & Beaumont, L. J. (2017). Potential impacts of climate change on habitat suitability for the Queensland fruit fly. Scientific Reports, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-13307-1
Vargas, R. I., Piñero, J. C., & Leblanc, L. (2015). An overview of pest species of Bactrocera fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and the integration of biopesticides with other biological approaches for their management with a focus on the pacific region. Insects, 6(2), 297–318. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects6020297
Xu, Q., Chen, L., Ruan, X., Chen, D., Zhu, A., Chen, C., Bertrand, D., Jiao, W., Hao, B., Lyon, M. P., Chen, J., Gao, S., Xing, F., Lan, H., Chang, J., Ge, X., Lei, Y., Hu, Q., Miao, Y., … Ruan, Y. (2013). The draft genome of sweet orange ( Citrus sinensis ). Nature Genetics, 45(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2472
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
