Nutritional Evaluation of Spondias mombin and Theobroma cacao as Potential Poultry Feed Supplements in Nigeria

Authors

  • Francis Bosede Adebayo Bamidele Olumilua University of Education, Science and Technology, Ikere-Ekiti, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Department of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, PMB 250, Ekiti, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3614-2997
  • Ayodele Adelusi Oyedeji Bamidele Olumilua University of Education, Science and Technology, Ikere-Ekiti, School of Life Science, Department of Biological Sciences, PMB 250, Ekiti, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2041-6313
  • Tolulope Victor Borisade Bamidele Olumilua University of Education, Science and Technology, Ikere-Ekiti, School of Life Science, Department of Biological Sciences, PMB 250, Ekiti, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0967-8411
  • Olusegun Emmanuel Ibidiran Bamidele Olumilua University of Education, Science and Technology, Ikere-Ekiti, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Department of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, PMB 250, Ekiti, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3361-3418
  • Stephen Oluwaseun Ibikunle Federal University of Technology, Akure, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Department of Food Science and Technology, PMB 340252, Akure, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8435-3418

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v13i8.2251-2259.7711

Keywords:

Blending, CBS, FAO, Nutrients, Spondias mombin kernel, Poultry feeds

Abstract

Poultry feed constitutes a significant portion of production costs in the poultry industry. Exploring underutilized plant species as alternative feed ingredients could help mitigate these costs while enhancing feed quality. However, limited research exists on such alternatives in Nigeria. This study evaluates the nutrient composition of byproducts from Theobroma cacao (cocoa bean shell) and Spondias mombin (hog plum) and their potential as poultry feed supplements in comparison with FAO standards. Kernel and husk samples of S. mombin and T. cacao, respectively, were collected from various locations, air dried and sun-dried for 80 hours respectively, ground, sieved (0.5 mm), and analyzed for proximate composition, metabolizable energy, minerals, and amino acids using AOAC methods. Results revealed significant variations in nutrient composition, with T. cacao husk exhibiting higher crude protein, moisture content, and in vitro organic matter digestibility (p<0.001) compared to S. mombin kernel. Additionally, S. mombin provided essential minerals such as calcium and phosphorus, along with lysine, which aligns with FAO requirements for poultry diets. While neither ingredient meets FAO standards individually, their complementary nutrient profiles suggest that a strategic blend could enhance overall feed quality. These findings highlight the potential of T. cacao and S. mombin byproducts as sustainable alternatives to conventional poultry feed ingredients, particularly in reducing reliance on soybean-based protein sources.

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Published

28.08.2025

Issue

Vol. 13 No. 8 (2025)

Section

Research Paper

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