Investigating the Effect of Plant Regulators along with Potassium Nitrate on Increasing the Germination Capacity of Malva sylvestris Seeds
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v13i8.2164-2171.7745Keywords:
Germination rate, Gibberllic Acid, Seedling length, Seedling vigor length index, BenzyladenineAbstract
To investigate the effects of plant regulators along with potassium nitrate on the germination characteristics of Mallow (Malva sylvestris) plant, an experiment was conducted using a factorial management based on a completely randomized design with three replications in the physiology laboratories of the Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center in 2024. The first factor consisted of priming treatments at four levels [GA3 (Gibberellic Acid), BA (Benzyladenine), NAA (Naphthalene Acetic Acid), and PN (Potassium Nitrate)], the second factor involved different levels of the first factor at seven concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 1000 ppm) and the third factor included two light conditions (light and dark). The results indicated that the highest germination percentage (GP) was obtained from 500 mg l-1 of GA3, followed by PN at 200 mg l-1, which recorded a GP of 28.7%. The highest germination rate (GR) was obtained from the application of GA3, while the lowest rate for this trait was observed with PN. In both dark and light conditions, the lowest GR was observed due to the effect of BA, while its maximum was recorded from PN under dark conditions. The highest seedling length was observed with GA3 under the dark conditions. The highest rootlet length was obtained with the PN treatment (25.9 mm) under the dark conditions. The highest SVLI value (10.15) was recorded with the application of 200 mg.l-1 of PN, representing 26% increase compared to the control within the same treatment. All concentrations of BA had the lowest attributed traits in the germination. Overall, the results showed that the use of PN and GA3 are suitable options for enhancing the germination capacity of M. sylvestris plant seeds.
References
Abnavi, M. S., & Ghobadi, M. (2012). The effects of source of priming and post-priming storage duration on seed germination and seedling growth characteristics in wheat (Triticum aestivem L.). Journal of Agricultural Science, 4: 256-268.
Alboresi, A., Gestin, C., Leydecker, M-T., Bedu, M., Meyer, C., & Truong, H-N. (2005). Nitrate, a signal relieving seed dormancy in Arabidopsis. Plant, Cell and Environment, 28: 500-512.
Ali, A. S., & Elozeiri, A. A. (2017). Metabolic processes during seed germination In J. C. Jimenez-Lopez (Ed.), Advances in seed biology (pp. 141-166). InTech. https://doi: 10.5772/intechopen.70653
Aref, I. M. (2002). The effects of light intensity on seed germination and seedling growth of Cassia fistula (Linn.), Enterolobium saman (Jacq.) Prainex king and Delonix regia (Boj) raf. King Saud University publication, 1-12.
Barbedo, C. J. (2018). A new approach towards the so-called recalcitrant seeds. Journal of Seed Science, 40(3): 221-236.
Baskin, J. M., & Baskin, C. C. (2004). A classification system for seed dormancy. Seed Science Research, 14: 1-16.
Bethke, P. C., Libourel, I. G. L., Aoyama, N., Chung, Y., Still, D. W., & Jones, R. L. (2007). The Arabidopsis aleurone layer responds to nitric oxide, gibberellin, and abscisic acid and is sufficient and necessary for seed dormancy. Plant Physiology, 143: 1173-1188.
Bhatla, S. C., & Lal, M. A. (2023). Seed dormancy and germination. In S. C. Bhatla & M. A. Lal (Eds.), Plant hysiology, evelopment and etabolism (625-640). Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5736-1_28
Bhatt, A., Mercedes Carón, M., Gallacher, D., & Bhat, N. R. (2019). Germination response of Arabian desert species to gibberellic acid and potassium nitrate seed treatment. Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology, 154: 737-745.
Chandra, R. J., Masilamani, P., Suthakar, B., Rajkumar, P., Sivakumar, S. D., & Manonmani, V. (2024). Understanding the role of Light in seed germination: a comprehensive review. Journal of Experimental Agriculture International, 46: 895-909.
Fang, S., Wang, J., Wei, Z., & Zhu, Z. (2006). Methods to break seed dormancy in Cyclocarya paliurus (batal) iljinskaja. Scientia Horticultural, 110(3): 305-309.
Fantini, E., & Facella, P. (2020). Cryptochromes in the field: how blue light influences crop development. Physiologia Plantarum, 169: 336-346
Finkelstein, R., Reeves, W., Ariizumi, T., & Steber, C. (2008). Molecular aspects of seed dormancy. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 59: 387-415.
Gallagher, R. S. (2013). Seeds: The Ecology of Regeneration in Plant Communities. 3rd Edition. CABI, Digital library, UK.
Ghasemi Pirbloti, A., Golparvar, A. R., Riahi, M., Navid, A. R., & Amani Chalesh, S. (2008). Investigating the effect of different treatments on breaking dormancy and stimulating the germination of seeds of a medicinal species (Thymus daenensis celak). Iranian Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Research, 21(3): 371.
Higuchi, Y., & Hisamatsu, T. (2016). Light acts as a signal for regulation of growth and development. In T. Kozai, K. Fujiwara & E. S. Runkle (Eds.), LED lighting for urban agriculture (pp. 57-73). Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1848-0_5
Holdsworth, M. J., Bentsink, L., & Soppe, W. J. J. (2008). Molecular networks regulating Arabidopsis seed maturation, after-ripening, dormancy and germination. New Phytologist, 179: 33-54.
Kabilan, M., Balakumbahan, B., Ngeswari, K., & Santha, S. (2022). Effect of seed treatments on seed germination and seedling parameters in the F2 generation of mundu
chilli (Capsicum annum L.). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 14: 53-57.
Lau, O. S., & Deng, X. W. (2010). Plant hormone signaling lightens up: integrators of light and hormones. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 13(5): 571-577.
Miransari, M. (2012). Role of Phytohormone signaling during stress. In P. Ahmad & M. N. V. Prasad (Eds.), Environmental adaptations and stress tolerance of plants in the era of climate change (pp. 381-393). Springer, New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0815-4_17
Miransari, M., & Smith, D. L. (2009). Rhizobial lipo-chitooligosaccharides and gibberellins enhance barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seed germination. Biotechnology, 8: 270-275.
Miransari, M., & Smith, D. L. (2014). Plant hormones and seed germination. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 99: 110-121.
Nautiyal, P. C., Sivasubramaniam, K., & Dadlani, M. (2023). Seed dormancy and regulation of germination. In M. Dadlani & D. K. Yadava (Eds.), Seed science and technology (pp. 39-66). Springer, Singapore.
Nonogaki, H., Bassel, G. W., & Bewley, J. D. (2010). Germination-still a mystery. Plant Science, 179: 574–81.
Penfield, S. (2017). Seed dormancy and germination. Current Biology, 27: 853–909.
Ruttanaruangboworn, A., Chanprasert, W., Tobunluepop, P., & Onwimol, D. (2017). Effect of seed priming with different concentrations of potassium nitrate on the pattern of seed imbibition and germination of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 16(3): 605–613.
Savaedi, Z., Bakhshandeh, A. M., Siadat, S. A., Abadi, A. L. J., & Moosavi, S. A. (2024). The effect of hormonal priming with cytokinin on deteriorated Nigella (Nigella sativa) seeds. Iranina Journal of Seed Research, 10(2): 99-117.
Seo, M., Nambara, E., Choi, G., & Yamaguchi, S. (2009). Interaction of light and hormone signals in germinating seeds. Plant Molecular Biology, 69: 463-472.
Smith, H. (2000). Phytochromes and light signal perception by plants—an emerging synthesis. Nature, 407: 585-591.
Tabaraki, R., Yousefi, Z., & Asadi Gharneh, H. A. (2011). Chemical composition and antioxidant properties of medicinal plant Malva sylvestris L. Journal of Research in Agricultural Science, 8(1): 59-68.
Tiedemann, J., Neubohn, B., & Muntz, K. (2000). Different functions of vicilin and legumin are reflected in the histopattern of globulin mobilization during germination of vetch (Vicia sativa L.). Planta, 211: 1-12.
Tombegavani, S. S., Zahedi, B., Mousavi Fard, S., & Ahmadpour, A. (2020). Response of germination and seedling growth of pepper cultivars to seed priming by plant growth regulators. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 7(1): 59-68.
Veiga-Barbosa, L., Ruiz, C., Correa, E. C., & Perez-Garcia, F. (2016). Dormancy imposed by a tough seed coat in Malvella sherardiana (Malvaceae), a highly threatened species of Spain. Botany Letters, 163(3): 321-327.
Verma, S. K., Bjpai, G. C., Tewari, S. K. & Singh, J. (2005). Seedling index and yield as influenced by seed size in pigeon pea. Legume Research, 28(2): 143-145.
Voitsekhovskaja, O. (2019). Phytochromes and other (photo) receptors of information in plants. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 66: 351-364.
Walters, C. (2015). Orthodoxy, recalcitrance and in-between: describing variation in seed storage characteristics using threshold responses to water loss. Planta, 242: 397-406.
Yan, A., & Chen, Zh. (2020). The Control of seed dormancy and germination by temperature, light and nitrate. The Botanical Review, 86: 39-75. doi: 10.1007/s12229-020-09220-4
Yazdanipour, S., Alizade, H., Nosratti, I., & Bahraminejad, S. (2017). Evaluation the effects of different factors on the seed germination and dormancy-breaking of Knapweed (Centaurea balsamita Lam.). Iranian Journal of Weed Science, 13(1): 89-96.
Zucareli, V., Ferreira, G., Amaro, A. C. E., & Araujo, F. P. D. (2009). Fotoperoido, temperature reguladores vegetais na germinacao de sementes de Passiflora cincinnata Mast. Revista Brasileira de Sementes, 31: 106-114.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
