Comparative Economics on Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Production of Climate Smart Agriculture Adopted Farmers and Non-Adopted Farmers of Kapilvastu District, Nepal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v14i2.325-337.7781Keywords:
Benefit-cost ratio, Climate-smart agriculture, Chi-square tests, Integrated pest management, Rice, T-testAbstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) is a vital staple crop, yet its production is increasingly threatened by climate variability. Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) offers potential strategies to improve productivity and resilience under changing climatic conditions. This study compared the economics of rice production between CSA-adopted and non-adopted farmers in Kapilvastu district, Nepal, hypothesizing that CSA adoption enhances farm profitability and resilience. A cross-sectional survey of 68 randomly selected farmers (34 CSA adopters and 34 non-adopters) was conducted using a multistage stratified random sampling technique. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests, independent t-tests, and Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) analysis. Most households reported increased rainfall intensity, flood severity and frequency, hailstone severity, and hot days, irrespective of CSA adoption status. The total variable cost of production was significantly higher for non-adopted farmers (NRs 143,500), whereas total returns were significantly higher for CSA-adopted farmers (NRs 282,490). Rice cultivation was economically viable only under CSA adoption, with BCR values of 1.57 for CSA adopters and 0.98 for non-adopters. CSA-adopted farmers had greater access to training, credit, extension services, and education compared to non-adopters. Erratic rainfall was identified as a major production constraint by both groups. The findings highlight the economic and resilience benefits of CSA adoption in rice farming under climate variability.
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