An Overview of the Agricultural Economy of Türkiye’s from the Last Period of the Ottoman Empire to the Present Day

Abstract

In this article, the general problems of the country, the difficulties of the agricultural economy periodically, structural problems and the measures and solution proposals that should be taken for these in general are discussed. The method of the article is to evaluate the information obtained through literature review, to reveal the historical process and to present suggestions for shaping the future. Turkish agriculture, which is based on the agriculture of the Ottoman Empire, which has been thoroughly degraded in the recent period, has carried its structural problems to this day. 2. With the five-year plan, Union and Progress have been decisive in shaping the agricultural economic structure with the incentive to make market-oriented production. Atatürk, on the other hand, tried to develop an agriculture-based industry with an import substitution agricultural economic policy. Difficulties such as excess and lack of supply, insufficiency of demand, high input costs and irrigation system are harming agricultural production and therefore the economy today, just as they were yesterday. In order to solve these difficulties, basin-based production planning, subsidies to reduce input costs and the use of modern irrigation systems that will ensure sustainable water use are required. The imbalance of land ownership that began at the end of the empire shows its effect even today. Land reform intentions, on the other hand, carry the risk of fragmentation of agricultural areas. Although large enterprises are coming to the fore in the country today, the number of households that produce for themselves is not insignificant. Input costs are straining these small businesses and reducing the agricultural workforce. Today, it is necessary to focus on incentive policies, especially for the producer who has moved away from the village where he performs production and agricultural activities, to return to the village, to accelerate consolidation activities, to reduce input costs for import substitution products and to put forward policies to protect the domestic producer.