The Green Transformation Process of Türkiye’s Agriculture Sector: The Effects of the European Green Deal and Adaptation Policies

Abstract

The European Green Deal stands among the most comprehensive transformation strategies developed in response to the climate crisis, with the agricultural sector occupying a central role in this shift. This study evaluates Turkey’s transition toward sustainable agriculture within the framework of the Green Deal’s agricultural policies and analyzes the extent to which Turkey’s adaptation policies in the agricultural sector have been implemented. Utilizing a document and policy analysis approach, the research draws upon official government documents, academic literature, and sectoral reports. The findings reveal that while Turkey has begun to establish a legal framework for green transformation, most of the reforms remain confined to qualitative expressions and lack measurable targets. The absence of specific numerical goals, particularly regarding pesticide reduction, incentives for organic farming, and support for renewable energy use, is noteworthy. This lack of quantification limits both the traceability and the effectiveness of policy outcomes. In this context, the study identifies the structural challenges and potential opportunities Turkey faces in aligning its agricultural sector with the European Green Deal. It provides strategic recommendations for policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders in the field. Moreover, the study emphasizes that Turkey’s green transition requires not only environmental adjustments but also a profound shift in its economic sustainability paradigm.