Evaluation of the Suitability of Gündoğan Pond (Sivas) Water Quality for Irrigation Purposes and Determination of Heavy Metal Pollution
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v13i9.2727-2734.7938Keywords:
Gundogan Pond, Irrigation Water Quality, Heavy Metal Pollution Index, Sodium adsorption ratio , Environmental monitoringAbstract
In this study, the water quality of the Gündoğan Pond, constructed for irrigation purposes was assessed using 14 different parameters obtained from monthly water samples collected over a 12-months period from 5 distinct stations. To facilitate a straightforward interpretation of the data, index-based evaluations and statistical methods were employed. According to the results, the annual average water quality of the pond was classified as Class I very good- quality water in accordance with the guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Turkish Surface Water Quality Regulation (SWQR). In terms of irrigation suitability, the values of electrical conductivity (EC), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), sodium percentage (Na%) and residual sodium carbonate (RSC) were found to be [326.66 μS/cm], [1.42], [33.17%] and [-4.67] respectively. All of these values fall within the acceptable limits specified in the literature. Based on the United States Salinity Laboratory (USSL) water salinity classification table, the pond water was categorized as C2-S1, indicating medium salinity and low sodium hazard. The heavy metal pollution index (HPI) calculated to evaluate the heavy metal content of the water was found to be [13.73], suggesting a low level of pollution. However, the concentrations of copper [Cu+2] in May and June were measured at [4.60] µg/L in May and [7.40] µg/L, respectively-both exceeding the threshold limits stated in the relevant standards. Additionally, the annual average chloride (Cl⁻) content was 5.25 ± 1.02 mg/L, placing the pond water in a class with moderate potential for harm. In conclusion, the water of Gündoğan Pond is generally suitable for irrigation purposes. However, due to the elevated copper levels and moderate chloride concentrations, regular monitoring is recommended, particularly if the water is to be used for the cultivation of drupe fruit trees, which are more sensitive to such conditions.
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