Understanding the Perceptions and Challenges of Cluster Farming Approach in Enhancing Agricultural Productivity and Commercialization: Insights from Ethiopia’s Central Highlands

Abstract

This study investigates the perceptions and challenges associated with the cluster farming approach in Ethiopia’s Central Highlands, with a focus on smallholder farmers in the Ejere, Wolmera, and Kolobo districts of the West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region. The new approach was introduced under Ethiopia’s Agricultural Commercialization Cluster (ACC) initiative, this approach aims to enhance productivity and market engagement through coordinated crop production, resource sharing, and organized institutional support. The study employed a mixed-method approach. Quantitative data were collected from 150 sample households using structured questionnaires, while qualitative data were obtained through focus group discussions and key informant interviews. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and an ordered probit regression model. The study revealed that several key determinants influence farmers’ perceptions and participation in cluster farming. These include access to extension services, farm size, family size, education level, farming experience, and market access. Overall, farmers perceive cluster farming positively, citing benefits such as increased yields, timely access to inputs, improved market and information access, and stronger stakeholder linkages. However, persistent challenges remain, including land fragmentation, limited access to machinery and inputs, labor shortages, mono-cropping risks, and weak market linkages. The findings underscore the need for supportive policies, improved rural infrastructure, and enhanced institutional coordination to address these barriers and promote a better participation of smallholder farmers in cluster-based agriculture.