The Effect of Irrigation on Winter Wheat Yield in the Conditions of the Konya Plain
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v13i12.4183-4191.8344Keywords:
Bread wheat, Irrigation, Grain yield, Irrigation water productivity, Konya PlainAbstract
This study was conducted to determine the effect of traditional full irrigation and irrigation practices during critical plant growth stages on yield in winter wheat under Konya Plain conditions. In the study, traditional full irrigation and irrigation strategies based on plant growth stages applied to bread wheat in the Konya Plain during the 2019 and 2020 production seasons were evaluated in terms of yield compared to rain-fed production. For this purpose, four irrigation treatments were applied to winter wheat: one irrigation (S1) during the stem elongation (SE) stage, two irrigations (S2) during the SE and heading (H) stages, three irrigations (S3) during each of the SE, H, and milking (M) stages, and traditional full irrigation (S4). In addition, a rainfall-based production treatment (S0) was included in the study for comparison purposes. In treatments S1, S2, and S3, the existing soil moisture in the plant root zone during the relevant plant growth stage was brought to field capacity through irrigation. In treatment S4, irrigation was renewed when 60% of the soil's available water capacity was consumed. According to the results obtained without irrigation, it was determined that the S4 treatment was irrigated 4 times and that approximately the same amount of irrigation water (321-322 mm) was applied as in the S3 treatment. The highest grain yield (8323 kg ha-1) and biological yield (22292 kg ha-1) were obtained from the S4 treatment. Considering the two-season average values, compared to S0, treatments S1, S2, S3, and S4 provided grain yield increases of 2745, 3649, 4410, and 4815 kg ha-1, respectively. Furthermore, SE stage irrigation provided 2745 kg ha-1 grain gain, H stage irrigation in S2 provided 904 kg ha-1, and M stage irrigation in S3 provided 761 kg ha-1. These results indicate that the SE stage is the most effective stage for grain yield. Consequently, traditional full irrigation can be recommended in the region under sufficient water conditions, while irrigation once during the SE period can be recommended under limited water conditions.
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