Botanical Acaricides for Sustainable Management of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae): Acaricidal and Repellent Activity of Four Plant Extracts Against Different Biological Stages
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v14i3.656-663.8375Keywords:
Plant Extract, Repellent Effect, Tetranychus urticae, Toxic Effect, Salvia officinalisAbstract
Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (red form) (Acari: Tetranychidae), is a major global pest known for its broad host range and rapid development of resistance to synthetic acaricides. This necessitates the urgent exploration of effective and environmentally friendly alternative control strategies, such as botanical pesticides. This study evaluated the toxicity of ethanol extracts from Salvia officinalis L. (Sage), Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Rosemary), Achillea millefolium L. (Yarrow) and Cuminum cyminum L. (Cumin) against T. urticae eggs (after 7 days), nymphs, and adults (after 24, 48, and 72 hours), as well as their repellent effects on adults (after 24, 48, and 72 hours) using leaf disc bioassays. All tested extracts demonstrated significant toxic and repellent activities, although with varying degrees of efficacy depending on the plant species, concentration, exposure time, and mite life stage. In terms of egg toxicity, C. cyminum exhibited the highest potency (LC₅₀ = 0.139%), while S. officinalis showed significant effectiveness (LC₅₀ = 0.268%). R. officinalis was consistently the least effective extract tested. Against nymphs and adults, the toxicity profiles varied over time, with S. officinalis generally showing high efficacy, particularly at 72 hours against adults (LC₅₀=3.344%) and nymphs (LC₅₀=1.466%). C. cyminum also exhibited high toxicity against nymphs, with comparable LC₅₀ values to S. officinalis at 24 and 48 hours, and was the most repellent extract against adults, causing 100% repellency at 2.5% after 48 and 72 hours. These findings highlight the potential of S. officinalis and C. cyminum extracts as promising botanical acaricides for integrated T. urticae management, offering potential alternatives to synthetic pesticides due to their effectiveness against different life stages and repellent properties. Further research is needed to identify the specific bioactive compounds and evaluate their efficacy under field conditions.
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