Comprehensive Review of Multi-Sensor IoT Applications in Modern Agriculture
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v14i5.1387-1398.8464Keywords:
Internet of Things, Smart Agriculture, smart irrigation, Artifical Intelligence (AI), Farming, AgricultureAbstract
Agriculture faces unprecedented challenges such as climate variability, soil degradation and water scarcity, particularly in the Global South. Transitioning to Smart Agriculture (SA) or Precision Agriculture (PA) using Internet of Things (IoT) and multi-sensor systems is essential for sustainable food production. This review examines the architecture of multi-sensor IoT nodes, including environmental, soil and crop-specific sensors, alongside communication protocols such as LoRa, NB-IoT and ZigBee. It analyzes deployment strategies, power management and data integration techniques while addressing challenges in scalability, interoperability, security and energy efficiency. The paper also highlights real-world implementations in India, Ghana and the Netherlands and identifies future research directions for optimizing IoT integration in agriculture to ensure food security and sustainability.
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