Existing Status of Dairy Farms in Bharatpur Metropolitan, Chitwan

Abstract

This study assessed the status of dairy farming in Bharatpur Metropolitan City, Chitwan, Nepal, focusing on production practices, herd structure, challenges, and institutional support. Primary data were generated through a mixed method approach, combining structured household survey of 71 dairy farm households across six randomly selected wards, FGD, and KII. This traingulated approach enabled comprehensive and context specific both quantitative production indicators and qualitative institutional and market-related constraints. Cattle-based farms were most common (55%), followed by mixed farms (28%) and buffalo-based farms (17%). Jersey cattle and Murrah buffalo dominated the herds, with milk yields ranging from 25–120 L/day for cattle and 10–80 L/day for buffalo, depending on the ward. Farmers mainly relied on hay and silage (54%) and feed additives (85%). The main challenges were price fluctuations (index 0.73), milk holidays (0.69), and competition from large-scale farms (0.62). Additionally, 75% of respondents rated the performance of cooperatives and local government as unsatisfactory. The study concludes that the dairy sector in Bharatpur faces critical constraints related to market stability, institutional support, and management practices. Strengthening cooperatives, improving veterinary services, and ensuring stable market linkages are essential to enhance the sustainability and profitability of dairy farming in the region.