Effects of Harpin (HrP) Application on Physicochemical Characteristics of “Red Globe” Grape Cultivar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v14i5.1349-1359.8765Keywords:
Table grape, Veraison , Total phenolic, SSC , Antioxidant capacityAbstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of harpin protein (HrP) application on soluble solids content (SSC), total acidity, pH, maturity index, berry firmness, and total phenolic content in the Red Globe grape cultivar. HrP was applied at a dose of 120 ppm (400 g ha⁻¹), starting approximately three weeks before veraison, with three applications at 10-day intervals. The study was conducted in 2020 under the ecological conditions of Tokat Province, Türkiye. Six-year-old Red Globe grapevines grafted onto Rupestris du Lot rootstock and trained to a semi-pergola system were used as plant material, while control vines were sprayed with distilled water only. Within the scope of the study, several physical characteristics of clusters and berries (cluster weight, cluster width and length, 100-berry weight, and berry firmness) as well as chemical properties (SSC, total acidity, pH, maturity index, total phenolic content, and antioxidant capacity) were determined at five different sampling periods from veraison to harvest. The results indicated that HrP application reduced berry firmness and total acidity at harvest compared to the control, while increasing total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. At harvest, grapes treated with HrP exhibited 9% higher total phenolic content and 20% higher antioxidant capacity than those of the control treatment. These findings suggest that the use of HrP protein could be an effective approach to improving berry quality in colored table grape varieties.
References
Ağaoğlu, Y. S. (1975). Asmada soğuklama süresinin çiçek oluşumu üzerine etkisi, Tubitak V. Bilim Kongresi, 31-41 s, İzmir.
Ağaoğlu, Y.S. (2002). Bilimsel ve Uygulamalı Bağcılık (Asma Fizyolojisi- 1). Kavaklıdere Eğitim Yayınları: 5, 444 S.
Akbudak,N.,Tezcan,H.,Akbudak,B. &Seniz,V. (2006).The effect of harpin protein on plant growth parameters, leaf chlorophyll, leaf colour and percentage rotten fruit of pepper plants inoculated with Botrytis cinerea. Scientia Horticulturae, 109, 107–112, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2006.03.008
Aglar, E., Saracoglu, O., Karakaya, O., Ozturk, B. & Gun, S. (2019). The relationship between fruit color and fruit quality of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L. cv.’0900 Ziraat’). Turkish journal of food and agriculture sciences, 1(1), 1-5.
Alenazi, M. M., Shafiq, M., Alobeed, R. S., Alsdon, A. A., Abbasi, N. A., Ali, I., ... & Javed, I. (2019). Application of abscisic acid at veraison improves red pigmentation and accumulation of dietary antioxidants in red table grapes cv. Red Globe at harvest. Scientia Horticulturae, 257, 108672.
Altuntaş, E., Cangi, R., Kaya, C., Dilmaç, M. & Saraçoğlu, O. (2009). Hayward kivi çeşidinin hasat ve yeme olumu dönemlerindeki bazı fiziksel, mekanik ve kimyasal özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. III. Ulusal Üzümsü Meyveler Sempozyumu, 293-301
Anonim. (2007). What is Harpin? http://www.edenbio.com/usa/technology/ download/wp1.pdf
Anonim. (2024). https://www.fao.org. Erişim Tarihi: 04.12.2024
Atak, A. (2021). Dünyada Güncel Sofralık Üzüm Islah Çalışmaları. Bahçe, 53(Özel Sayı 1), 14-22, https://doi.org/10.53471/bahce.1481771
Bal, E., Kök, D., Torçuk, A. İ. & Seçkin, G. U. (2023). Preharvest Applications of Alginate, Salicylic Acid and Oxalic Acid Have a Synergistic Effect on Quality and Storability of Red Globe Grape Variety (Vitis vinifera L.). ÇOMÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(2), 229-238, https://doi.org/10.33202/comuagri.1356580
Bayramoğlu, A. & Şen, F. (2020). ‘Red Globe’Üzüm Çeşidinin Depolanmasında Farklı Ambalaj Açıklıklarının Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi. J. of Agr. Fac. of Ege Univ., 57(4), 563-570. https://doi.org/10.33202/comuagri.1356580
Bozkurt, A., Yağcı, A., Mert, Ö. & Sucu, S. (2018). Bazi Şaraplik Üzümlerin Kirşehir İlindeki Est Değerlerinin Belirlenmesi. Bahçe, 47(Özel Sayı 1), 37-42.
Cameron, I. J. 1994. Influence of culturalpractices on Red Globe table grapes. In: Proceedings of the Int. Symp.on Table Grape Production. (Rantz, J. M., Ed.). Anaheim, CA, USA. 233–236.
Cangi, R., Saraçoğlu, O., Uluocak, E., Kılıç, D. & Şen, A. (2011). Kazova (Tokat) yöresinde yetiştirilen bazı şaraplık üzüm çeşitlerinde olgunlaşma sırasında meydana gelen kimyasal değişmeler. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 1(3), 9-14.
Cangi, R. & Altun, M. A. (2015). Bazı önemli sofralık üzüm çeşitlerinin Sakarya/Taraklı ekolojisine adaptasyonu. Tarım Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi, 8(2), 35-39.
Cemeroğlu, B. (1992). Meyve ve sebze işleme endüstrisinde temel analiz metotları. Biltav Yayınları, Ankara, 380
Cemeroglu, B., Yemenicioğlu, A. & Özkan, M. (2004). Meyve ve sebze işleme teknolojisi. Cilt 1, 670 s, Ankara
Choi, M.S., Kim, W., Lee, C. & Oh, C.S. (2013). Harpins, multifunctional proteins secreted by gram-negative plant-pathogenic bacteria. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 26, 1115–1122. https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-02-13-0050-CR
Creasy, G.L. & Leroy, L.C. (2009). Grapes. CABI, 331 pp.
Crupi, P., Alba, V., Masi, G., Caputo, A. R. & Tarricone, L. (2019a). Effect of two exogenous plant growth regulators on the color and quality parameters of seedless table grape berries. Food Research International, 126, 108667, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108667
Crupi, P., Debiase, G., Masi, G., Mangione, F. & Tarricone, L. (2019b). Harpin proteins improve bioactive compounds content in Crimson Seedless Table Grape. The Open Bioactive Compounds Journal, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.2174/1874847301907010011
Çelik, H., Çelik, S., Kunter, B.M., Söylemezoğlu, G., Boz, Y., Özer, C. & Atak, A. (2005). Bağcılıkta gelişme ve üretim hedefleri. VI. Türkiye Ziraat Müh. Tek. Kong.,3-7 Ocak, Ankara
Çelik, H. (2006). Üzüm çeşit kataloğu, Sun Fidan A.Ş. Mesleki Kitaplar serisi, :3, 165 s.
Daler, S., Karaca, I., Delavar, H. & Kaya, O. (2024). Harnessing the Potential of Harpin Proteins: Elicitation Strategies for Enhanced Secondary Metabolite Accumulation in Grapevine Callus Cultures. Processes, 12(7), 1416., https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12071416
Deryaoglu, A. 1997. Elazığ yöresinde yetişen siyah şaraplık Boğazkere ve Öküzgözü üzümlerinin olgunlaşması sırasında meydana gelen fiziksel ve kimyasal değişmeler. Çukurova Üniversitesi, Doktora Tezi. 148 s, Adana.
de Souza Leão, P. C., Lima, M. A. C., Costa, J. P. D., & da Trindade, D. C. G. (2015). Abscisic acid and ethephon for improving red color and quality of crimson seedless grapes grown in a tropical region. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 66(1), 37-45.
Dikmetaş, B., Odabaşıoğlu, M. İ., Cevheri, A.C. & Gürsöz, S. (2018). The effects of different shading levels on yield and quality of some table grape varieties.1. Int. GAP Agriculture&livestock congress. 25-27 April 2018 Şanlıurfa, 18-29. Sayfa.
Dong, H., Delaney, T.P., Bauer, D.W. & Beer, S.V. (1999). Harpin induces disease resistance in Arabidopsis through the systemic acquired resistance pathway mediated by salicylic acid and the NIM1 gene. Plant J. 20, 207–215., https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313x.1999.00595.x
Eriş, A. & Türkben, C. (1984). Sofralık üzümlerin olgunluk zamanı ve muhafazası. Tokat Bağcılığı Sempozyumu (25-28 Eylül, 1984) Tokat, Tekel İşletmeleri Genel Müdürlüğü, Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Tokat Ziraat Fakültesi, 181-200 (1984).
Fanizza. (1982).Factor analyses for the choice of a criterion of wine grape (Vitis vinifera) Maturity in Warm Regions.Vitis,21(4):334-336
Farkas, J. (1988). Technology and Biochemistry of Wine. Volume 1, Gorden and Breach Science Pub. New York, 388 p.
Ferrara, G., Mazzeo, A., Matarrese, A. M. S., Pacucci, C., Punzi, R., Faccia, M. & Gambacorta, G., (2015). Application of abscisicacid (S‐ABA) and sucrose to improve colour, anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity of Cv. Crimson Seedless grape berries. Australian J.of Grape and Wine Research, 21(1), 18-29.,https://doi.org/10.1111/ajgw.12112Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
Fonseca, J. M., Kim, H. J., Kline, W. L., Wyenandt, C. A., Hoque, M., Ajwa, H. & French, N. (2009). Effect of preharvest application of a second-generation HrP protein on microbial quality, antioxidants, and shelf life of fresh-cut lettuce. J. of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 134(1), 141-147., DOI: 10.21273/JASHS.134.1.141
Garcia-Pastor, M. E., Serrano, M., Guillen, F., Castillo, S., Martínez-Romero, D., Valero, D., & Zapata, P. J. (2019). Methyl jasmonate effects on table grape ripening, vine yield, berry quality and bioactive compounds depend on applied concentration. Scientia hortic., 247, 380-389.
Gülcü, M. (2016). Üzüm ve üzüm ürünlerinde biyoaktif bir bileşen: Resveratrol. Bilinçli Sağlıklı Yaşam Dergisi, 12(1), 435-443.
Hallaç Türk, F. & Kılıç, M. S. (2025). Effects of Some Summer Pruning Treatments on Quality and Antioxidant Components in Table Grape (Vitis vinifera cv.’Red Globe’). Applied Fruit Science, 67(5), 331., https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-025-01545-x
Ilgın, C. & Kısmalı İ. (1998). Yuvarlak çekirdeksiz üzüm çeşidinde farklı ürün yükünün verim ve kalitesi ile vegetatif gelişmeye etkileri üzerinde araştırmalar. 4. Bağcılık Sempozyumu. 20-23 Ekim 1998, Yalova, 46-49
İşçi, B., Kacar, E., & Altındişli, A. (2020). The effects of some exogenous applications on quality in ‘Crimson Seedless’ grape. Erwerbs-Obstbau, 62(Suppl 1), 87-100.
Kadlag, S., Singh, V. & Deshmukh, N. (2025). Effect of ABA and Ethephon on Berry Quality and Maturation in ‘Red Globe’Grapes. Applied Fruit Science, 67(4), 262., https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-025-01439-y
Kamiloğlu, Ö. & Polat, A.A. (2009). Bazı sofralık üzüm çeşitlerinin dörtyol–erzin yöresi koşullarında verim ve kalite performanslarının belirlenmesi. MKÜ Zir. Fak. Derg. 14(1):9–16.
Keinath, A.P., Holmes, G.J., Everts, K.L., Egel, D.S. & Langston, D.B. (2007) Evaluation of combinations of Chlorothalonil with azoxystrobin, harpin, and disease forecasting for control of downy mildew and gummy stem blight on melon. Crop Prot 26(2):83–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2006.04.004
Kılıç, D., Kaya, Y., Başaran, B., Topal, H., Mutlu, N., Yağcı, A. & Cangi, R. (2018). Bazı sofralık üzüm çeşitlerinin Tokat merkez koşullarına adaptasyonu. Bahçe, 47(Özel Sayı 1), 187-194.
Kok, D. & Bal, E. (2018). Enhancing skin color and phenolic compounds of cv. Red Globe table grape (V. vinifera L.) utilizing of different preharvest treatments. Erwerbs-Obstbau, 60(1), 75-81., https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-017-0352-8
Kok, D. (2024). The Effect of Phenylalanine, Proline Amino Acid and Bunch Tip Reduction Applications on Berry Quality Parameters of ‘Red Globe’Table Grape Variety (Vitis vinifera L.). Applied Fruit Science, 66(4), 1579-1587., https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-024-01110-y
Li, M.J., Yu, M., Zhang, Z., Liu, Q., Wu, Y. & Liu, Z. (2013) Effects of harpin protein on fruit quality and shelf life of winter jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. Dongzao). Biol Agric Hortic 29:58–68, https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2012.762729
Li, M., Wang, Y. & Dong, Y. (2020) Pre-harvest application of HrP β protein improves fruit on-tree and storage quality attributes of ‘Lapins’ and ‘Regina’sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). Scientia Horticulturae, 263, 109115., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.109115
Li, H., Ouyang, Z., She, M., Zhao, M., He, C., Tang, H. & Luo, Y. (2026). Harpin Protein Treatment Makes a Positive Impact on Maintaining the Postharvest Quality of Strawberry Fruits. J. of Plant Growth Regulation, 1-13., https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-025-12034-6
Liu, R., Lu, B., Wang, X., Zhang, C., Zhang, S., Qian, J., & Dong, H. (2010). Thirty-seven transcription factor genes differentially respond to a harpin protein and affect resistance to the green peach aphid in Arabidopsis. Journal of Biosciences, 35, 435–450, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12038-010-0049-8
Lurie, S., Ovadia, R., Nissim-Levi, A., Oren-Shamir, M., Kaplunov, T., Zutahy, Y. & Lichter, A. (2009). Abscisic acid improves colour development in ‘Crimson Seedless’ grapes in the vineyard and on detached berries. J Hortic. Sci. Biotechnol.; 84: 639-44., https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2009.11512579
OIV. (2017). 2017 world vitiviniculture situation. OIV statistical report on world vitiviniculture. International Organisation of Vine and Wine. https://www.oiv.int/public/medias/5479/oiv-en-bilan-2017.pdf
Özgen, M., Reese, R.N., Tulio, A.Z., Miller, A.R. & Scheerens, J.C. (2006). Modified 2,2-Azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic Acid (ABTS) Method to Measure Antioxidant Capacity of Selected Small Fruits and Comparison to Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and 2,2’-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) Methods. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 54:1151-1157
Peppi, M. C., Fidelibus, M. W., & Dokoozlian, N. K. (2007). Application timing and concentration of abscisic acid affect the quality of ‘Redglobe’grapes. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 82(2), 304-310.
Peppi, C., Fidelibus, M.W. & Dokoozlian, N. K. (2008). Timing and concentration of abscisic acid applications affect the quality of ‘Crimson Seedless’ grapes. International Journal of Fruit Science, 7(4), 71-83.
Perniola, R., Crupi, P., Genghi, R. & Antonacci, D. (2016). Cultivar and rootstock interaction affects the physiology and fruit quality of table grape with different water management – Preliminary results. Acta Horticolturae, (1136), 129–136.DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1136.18
Qiao, F., Chang, X.L. & Nick, P. (2010). The cytoskeleton enhances gene expression in the response to the Harpin elicitor in grapevine. J. Exp. Bot. 61, 4021–4031., https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erq221
Roberto, S. R., de Assis, A. M., Yamamoto, L. Y., Miotto, L. C. V., Sato, A. J., Koyama, R., & Genta, W. (2012). Application timing and concentration of abscisic acid improve color of ‘Benitaka’table grape. Scientia horticulturae, 142, 44-48.
Rodrigo-Garcia, J., Navarrete-Laborde, B. A., Rosa, L. A. D. L., Alvarez-Parrilla, E. & Núñez-Gastélum, J. A. (2018). Effect of HrP protein as an elicitor on the content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity in two hydroponically grown lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) varieties. Food Science and Technology, 39, 72-77., https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.20417
Ribéreau-Gayon, P., Glories Y., Maujean, A. &Dubourdieau, U. (2000). Handbook of Enology, Volume 2: TheChemistry of Wine and Stabilization and Treatments. John Wiley and Sons Ltd., 441 p.
Singleton, V. L. & Rossi J.L. (1965). Colorimetry of Total Phenolics with Phosphomolybdic-Phosphotungstic Acid Reagents. Amer. J. Enol. Vitic. 16:144-158.
Sang, S.L., Li, X.J., Gao, R., You, Z.Z., Lu, B.B., Liu, P.Q., Ma, Q.X. & Dong, H.S. (2012). Apoplastic and cytoplasmic location of harpin protein Hpa1 (Xoo) plays different roles in H2O2 generation and pathogen resistance in Arabidopsis. Plant Mol. Biol. 79, 375–391., DOI:10.1104/pp.15.01237
Tang, J.M., Liu, Y.Q., Li, H.H., Wang, L.M., Huang, K. & Chen, Z.X. (2015) Combining an antagonistic yeast with Harpin treatment to control postharvest decay of Kiwifruit. Biol Control 89:61–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2015.04.025
Vox, G., Scarascia Mugnozza, G., Schettini, E., de Palma, L., Tarricone, L., Gentilesco, G. & Vitali, M. (2012). Radiometric properties of plastic films for vineyard covering and their influence on vine physiology and production. Acta Horticolturae, (956),465–472.DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2012.956.54
Yılmaz, F.D. & A., Akın, 2014. Red globe sofralık üzüm çeşidinde salkım ucu kesme ve yaprak gübresi uygulamalarının üzüm verimi ve kalitesine etkileri. Çanakkale Onsekizmart Üniv. Zir. Fa.i Dergisi, 2(2), 17-21.
Zhao, S. (2020) Effect of spraying Harpin protein on grape growth and fruit bearing and induced resistance. https://doi.org/10.27277/d.cnki.gsdnu.2020.000827
Wang, J., Bi, Y., Zhang, Z., Zhang, H., & Ge, Y. (2011). Reduction of latent infection and enhancement of disease resistance in muskmelon by preharvest application of harpin. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 59(23), 12527-12533.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
