Seasonal Population Dynamics of Kermania pistaciella Amsel (Lepidoptera: Tineidae) in Pistachio Orchards in Kilis Province, Türkiye
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v14i7.1902-1910.8771Keywords:
Kermania pistaciella , Population Dynamics , Pheromone traps , Pistachio orchards , Kilis provinceAbstract
This study investigated the seasonal activity of adult Kermania pistaciella Amsel (Lepidoptera: Tineidae), larval infestation levels, and the influence of environmental factors in pistachio orchards in Kilis Province, Türkiye, during the 2018 and 2019 growing seasons. Adult populations were monitored using delta traps in 2018 and both delta and funnel traps in 2019, while larval infestation was assessed as the percentage of damaged shoots. In 2018, adult monitoring with delta traps in five orchards resulted in a total capture of 1,112 individuals. Adult emergence began on April 1, with peak activity occurring between April 8 and 22, when average temperatures ranged from 15.1 to 18.3°C and relative humidity from 37.4 to 66.2%. Adult abundance declined rapidly after late April. Larval infestation rates varied considerably among orchards, ranging from 0.12–0.8% in younger orchards to 18.26–37.39% in older orchards, indicating severe damage under high pest pressure. In 2019, monitoring with delta and funnel traps recorded a total of 1,237 adults, including 539 captured by delta traps and 698 by funnel traps. Adult emergence occurred between April 16 and 23, and peak captures were observed from April 30 to May 7, at average temperatures of 18.9–19.7°C and relative humidity levels of 65–70%. Funnel traps consistently captured more adults than delta traps. Despite favorable climatic conditions, infestation levels were lower in 2019, with no infestation detected in younger orchards and reduced damage rates of 5.6–9.1% in older orchards. Overall, K. pistaciella activity and infestation severity were closely associated with moderate spring temperatures and relative humidity, and funnel traps proved to be more effective for adult monitoring.
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