Seed Mucilages: From Plant to Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering - A Comparative Review

Berk Deniz Tosunoglu; Eylul Erdal; Yavuz Emre Arslan

doi:10.24925/turjaf.v14i8.2394-2410.9026

Authors

Berk Deniz Tosunoglu Regenerative Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17100, Türkiye https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4470-0742
Eylul Erdal Regenerative Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17100, Türkiye https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0240-3307
Yavuz Emre Arslan Regenerative Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17100, Türkiye https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3445-1814

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v14i8.2394-2410.9026

Keywords:

Seed Mucilages, Plant-Derived Polysaccharide, Wound healing, Tissue Engineering, Biopolymer Scaffold

Abstract

Seed mucilages are plant-derived polysaccharides obtained from the seeds of crop and medicinal plant species, including quince (Cydonia oblonga), psyllium (Plantago ovata), flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum), chia (Salvia hispanica), basil (Ocimum basilicum), and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum). Their ability to form hydrogels, respond to pH changes, display tunable rheological behavior, and undergo chemical modification has attracted growing interest in biomedical and pharmaceutical research. Despite this growing body of literature, the field remains fragmented: studies are typically limited to a single mucilage source or a narrow application context, and comparative analyses grounded in chemical structure are uncommon. This review addresses that gap by systematically examining six agriculturally accessible seed mucilages within a unified structure–function–application framework. Key compositional parameters, including backbone polysaccharide type, uronic acid content, molecular weight, degree of branching, and surface charge density, are discussed in relation to macroscopic material behaviors such as swelling kinetics, viscoelasticity, film-forming capacity, and biodegradation. These property profiles are contextualized against reported application outcomes in controlled drug delivery, tissue engineering scaffolds, wound dressings, adsorption platforms, and functional films. The review also consolidates findings on persistent limitations, including batch heterogeneity arising from species and extraction variability, methodological inconsistencies in characterization, mechanical weakness of unmodified networks, and incomplete long-term biosafety data, and identifies specific research directions needed for clinical and industrial translation. Taken together, the available evidence suggests that seed mucilages are versatile, sustainably sourced biomaterial components derived from established agricultural and medicinal plant species. By linking crop production, seed processing, mucilage recovery, biopolymer design, and advanced material applications, this review highlights their relevance not only for biomedical systems but also for agricultural waste valorization, value-added product development, food-related materials, and circular bioeconomy strategies.

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