Kanola Yağından Mikrodalga Destekli Biyodizel Üretiminin Yanıt Yüzey Yöntemi ile Optimizasyonu ve Süreç Analizi

Mehmet Recai Durgut; Figen Taşcı Durgut

doi:10.24925/turjaf.v14i8.2135-2141.9188

Authors

Mehmet Recai Durgut Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Biyosistem Mühendisliği Bölümü, 59030, Tekirdağ, Türkiye https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4780-5450
Figen Taşcı Durgut Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu, Makine ve Metal Teknolojileri Bölümü, 59030, Tekirdağ, Türkiye https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2740-995X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v14i8.2135-2141.9188

Keywords:

Canola oil , Biodiesel , Microwave , Optimization , Response surface methodology

Abstract

This study addresses the production of biodiesel from canola oil via microwave-assisted transesterification with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) catalyst and the optimization of this process. Unlike traditional heating methods, microwave technology provides energy savings and high efficiency by reducing reaction times to the level of minutes. In the research, Response Surface Methodology was used to analyze the effects of variables such as temperature, catalyst amount, and duration. The findings demonstrate that a fuel yield of 93.75% can be achieved under ideal conditions, including a temperature of 51.97°C, a catalyst ratio of 0.69%, and a duration of 3.12 minutes. In conclusion, this method offers an effective solution for improving the industrial production processes of biodiesel, which is an environmentally friendly and sustainable energy alternative.

References

Abbah, E. C., Nwandikom, G. I., Egwuonwu, C. C., & Nwakuba, N. R. (2016). Effect of Reaction Temperature on the Yield of Biodiesel From Neem Seed Oil. American Journal of Energy Science, 3(3), 16–20. http://www.openscienceonline.com/journal/energy

Aka, N. (2019). Bitkisel Atıktan Elde Edilen Heterojen Katalizörün Biodizel Verimi Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi. In Chemical Reviews. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi.

Anantapinitwatna, A., Ngaosuwan, K., Kiatkittipong, W., Wongsawaeng, D., Anantpinijwatna, A., Quitain, A. T., & Assabumrungrat, S. (2021). Water influence on the kinetics of transesterification using CaO catalyst to produce biodiesel. Fuel, 296(March), 120653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120653

Ansori, A.; Mahfud, M. Box-Behnken Design for Optimization on Biodiesel Production from Palm Oil and Methyl Acetate Using Ultrasound Assisted Interesterification Method. Period. Polytech. Chem. Eng. 2022, 66, 30–42. https://doi.org/10.3311/PPch.17610.

Azcan, D. N. (2011). Yemeklik Atık Yağın Mikrodalga Destekli Transesterifikasyonu İle Biyodizel Eldesi Ve Moleküler Distilasyonla Saflaştırılması Proje No : 110M011.

Cindioğlu, A., Issiaka Ibrahim, A. S., & Sönmez, Ö. (2025). Microwave-assisted esterification of oleic acid using pyrrolidonium-based bronsted-acidic ionic liquids catalyst. Fuel, 382(September 2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2024.133791

Danisman, A. (2008). Bitkisel Yağlardan Değerli Kimyasallar ve Biyodizel Üretimi. Anadolu University.

Demir, E., Çalhan, S. D., & Sönmez, Ö. (2025). Microwave-assisted biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using deep eutectic solvent catalyst: Kinetic and thermodynamic insights. Biomass and Bioenergy, 201(May). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108148

Demir, V. G., İlten, N., & Soyhan, H. S. (2018). Mikrodalga destekli reaktörde pilot ölçekli rafine ve atık ayçiçek yağından biyodizel üretimi. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 20(2), 34–50. https://doi.org/10.25092/baunfbed.461894

Eevera, T., Rajendran, K., & Saradha, S. (2009). Biodiesel production process optimization and characterization to assess the suitability of the product for varied environmental conditions. Renewable Energy, 34(3), 762–765. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2008.04.006

Hazrat, M. A., Rasul, M. G., Khan, M. M. K., Ashwath, N., Fattah, I. M. R., Ong, H. C., & Mahlia, T. M. I. (2023). Biodiesel production from transesterification of Australian Brassica napus L. oil: optimisation and reaction kinetic model development. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 25(11), 12247–12272. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-022-02506-0

Hundie, K. B. (2022). Optimization of Biodiesel Production Parameters from Cucurbita maxima Waste Oil Using Microwave Assisted via Box-Behnken Design Approach. Journal of Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8516163

Iweka, S. C., Falowo, O. A., Amosun, A. A., & Betiku, E. (2023). Optimization of microwave-assisted biodiesel production from watermelon seeds oil using thermally modified kwale anthill mud as base catalyst. Heliyon, 9(7), e17762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17762

Kumari, A., Mahapatra, P., Garlapati, V. K., & Banerjee, R. (2009). Enzymatic transesterification of Jatropha oil. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 2, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-2-1

Leung, D. Y. C., & Guo, Y. (2006). Transesterification of neat and used frying oil: Optimization for biodiesel production. Fuel Processing Technology, 87(10), 883–890. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2006.06.003

Lou, W.Y.; Zong, M.H.; Duan, Z.Q. Efficient Production of Biodiesel from High Free Fatty Acid-Containing Waste Oils Using Various Carbohydrate-Derived Solid Acid Catalysts. Bioresour. Technol. 2008, 99, 8752–8758, doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2008.04.038

Maden, K. (2016). Kanola Yağından Biyodizel Üretim Sürecinin Optimizasyonu Ve Motor Performansına Etkileri.

Milano, J., Ong, H. C., Masjuki, H. H., Silitonga, A. S., Chen, W. H., Kusumo, F., Dharma, S., & Sebayang, A. H. (2018). Optimization of biodiesel production by microwave irradiation-assisted transesterification for waste cooking oil-Calophyllum inophyllum oil via response surface methodology. Energy Conversion and Management, 158(January), 400–415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.12.027

Mohd Johari, S. A., Ahmad Farid, M. A., Ayoub, M., Rashidi, N. A., & Andou, Y. (2024). Optimization and kinetic studies for biodiesel production from dairy waste scum oil via microwave assisted transesterification. Environmental Technology and Innovation, 34, 103580. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2024.103580

Monika, Banga, S., & Pathak, V. V. (2023). Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil: A comprehensive review on the application of heterogenous catalysts. Energy Nexus, 10(March), 100209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100209

Narwal, S. K., Saun, N. K., Dogra, P., Chauhan, G., & Gupta, R. (2015). Production and characterization of biodiesel using nonedible castor oil by immobilized lipase from bacillus Aerius. BioMed Research International, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/281934

Nayak, M. G., & Vyas, A. P. (2019). Optimization of microwave-assisted biodiesel production from Papaya oil using response surface methodology. Renewable Energy, 138, 18–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.01.054

Noureddini, H. (1997). Kinetics of transesterification of soybean oil. J Am Oil Soc Chem, 74, 1457.

Özgür, C. (2016). Alkol ve Katalizör Miktarlarının Farklı Katalizörlerle Üretilen Kanola Biyodizelinin Dönüşüm Oranı ve Yakıt Özellikleri Üzerindeki Etkisi The Impacts of Alcohol and Catalyst Amounts on Conversion Rate and Fuel Properties of Canola Biodiesel Produced by Us. 31(June), 337–344.

Özgür, C. (2021). Soya ve M ı s ı r Ya ğı ndan Biyodizel Üretiminin Yan ı t Yüzey Metodu Kullan ı larak Optimizasyonu Using Response Surface Methodology to Optimize Biodiesel Production from Soybean and Corn Oil. Çukurova University Journal of the Faculty of Engineering, 36(March), 197–206.

Rezayan, A., & Taghizadeh, M. (2018). Synthesis of magnetic mesoporous nanocrystalline KOH/ZSM-5-Fe3O4 for biodiesel production: Process optimization and kinetics study. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 117(June), 711–721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2018.06.020

Rokni, K., Mostafaei, M., Dehghani Soufi, M., & Kahrizi, D. (2022). Microwave-assisted intensification of transesterification reaction for biodiesel production from camelina oil: Optimization by Box-Behnken Design. Bioresource Technology Reports, 17(November 2021), 100928. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biteb.2021.100928

Vicente, G., Martínez, M., & Aracil, J. (2004). Integrated biodiesel production: A comparison of different homogeneous catalysts systems. Bioresource Technology, 92(3), 297–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2003.08.014

Yusoff, M. N. A. M., Zulkifli, N. W. M., Sukiman, N. L., Kalam, M. A., Masjuki, H. H., Syahir, A. Z., Awang, M. S. N., Mujtaba, M. A., Milano, J., & Shamsuddin, A. H. (2022). Microwave irradiation-assisted transesterification of ternary oil mixture of waste cooking oil – Jatropha curcas – Palm oil: Optimization and characterization. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 61(12), 9569–9582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2022.03.040

Zheng, S.; Kates, M.; Dubé, M.A.; McLean, D.D. Acid-Catalyzed Production of Biodiesel from Waste Frying Oil. Biomass and Bioenergy 2006, 30, 267–272, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2005.10.004