Protective Effect of Astaxanthin Against Oxidative Stress-Induced Apoptosis and Inflammatory Increase in C6 Cells Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v11i9.1686-1692.6281Keywords:
Astaxanthin, Inflammation, Hydrogen Peroxide, Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, C6 cellsAbstract
Recent findings have indicated the potential protective impacts of astaxanthin on the central nervous system (CNS). Nevertheless, the precise influence of astaxanthin on oxidative damage caused by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in glial cells, as well as its interplay with apoptotic and inflammatory mechanisms, remain unclear. As a result, the primary goal of this study was to explore how astaxanthin functions as a safeguard against glial cell damage induced by oxidative stress triggered by H2O2, particularly focusing on its involvement in inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. The study employed C6 glioma cells as the experimental model. Cells in the H2O2 group were subjected to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment for 24 hours. In the astaxanthin group, cells were treated with varying concentrations of astaxanthin for 24 hours. For the astaxanthin + H2O2 group, cells were first pre-treated with different concentrations of astaxanthin for 1 hour and subsequently exposed to H2O2 for 24 hours. The XTT assay was utilized to evaluate cell viability. To demonstrate the antioxidative effect, total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) measurements were conducted TNF-α and IL-1β levels were assessed using the ELISA method to measure anti-inflammatory effect. ELISA was also employed to measure the anti-apoptotic effect, involving the measurement of caspase 3, BAX, and Bcl-2 levels. In the group treated with both astaxanthin and H2O2, astaxanthin exhibited a notable increase in cell viability within C6 cells. Additionally, it significantly elevated the levels of TAS while decreasing the levels of TOS, indicative of reduced oxidative stress. Furthermore, astaxanthin demonstrated a significant reduction in inflammatory markers, including TNF-α and IL-1β levels. Moreover, it led to a substantial decrease in apoptotic markers, specifically cleaved caspase-3 and Bax, while simultaneously increasing the levels of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Astaxanthin demonstrates protective properties by engaging anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic pathways, countering the oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide in C6 glioma cells. However, a more comprehensive investigation is required to address the potential underlying mechanisms.
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