Hot Water Treatments in The Production of Healthy Vine Saplings
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v12is1.2180-2195.7110Keywords:
Grapevine trunk diseases, pathogens, clean propagation material, grapevine seedling qualityAbstract
Grapevine trunk diseases (GTD) include Esca syndrome (Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium oleophilum, Botryosphaeria spp., Eutypa lata, Phomopsis viticola, Cylindrocarpon spp.), Petri disease (Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Phaeoacremonium spp., Cadophora luteo-olivacea and Pleurostoma richardsiae), Blackfoot (Dactylonectria, Ilyonectria, Campylocarpon, Cylindrocladiella and Neonectria), Botryosphaeriae dieback (Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Neofusicoccum parvum and Botryosphaeria dothidea), Eutypa dieback (Eutypa lata and Diatrypaceae spp.), Phomopsis dieback (Phomopsis viticola). GTD infections cause the death of grapevines in the short or long term. On a global scale, it has been considered the most devastating disease of grapevines for the last thirty years, as it affects the sustainability of viticulture and spreads rapidly in all wine-growing countries. Hot water treatment (HWT), agricultural chemicals and disinfectants are used to control GTD. Young vines, dormant bud or rootstock cuttings, rooted or grafted rooted vine seedlings and Vitis vinifera L. cultivars may show varying levels of sensitivity to HWT. This sensitivity may be affected by the seasonal temperatures in which the cuttings or saplings are growing and the temperature range to be treated may vary according to the pathogens to be controlled. HWTs (45-54°C for 30-45 minutes) are recommended at varying intervals depending on the variety to suppress GTD in vine cuttings. HWT is an effective control method for phylloxera, nematode and phytoplasma pathogens that may be transmitted by grapevine propagation materials. A quality grapevine sapling should be healthy, true name, have a good plant form, be well united, be free from viruses and pathogens and not be exposed to environmental stress. In this review, a summary of HWT studies used in the control of pathogenic bacterial, fungal, nematode, phytoplasma and phylloxera infections of grapevine propagation materials is presented.
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