Improving Energy Efficiency and Environmental Mitigation Through Irrigation Management in Irrigated-Wheat Production
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v13i1.194-203.7231Keywords:
Winter wheat, Supplemental irrigation, Energy efficiency, GHG emissions, Environmental pollutionAbstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential for environmental mitigation, including the reduction of total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agricultural inputs, and the potential for improving the energy efficiency in winter wheat production by managing irrigation water. In this context, the data on the required production inputs and product yield were obtained from the field experiment on supplemental irrigation in wheat in Konya in the 2018-2020 period. Five different irrigation regimes were considered in the study, namely: TTS, irrigation equal to the amount of moisture reduction in the 0-90 cm soil layer during the three critical development periods of wheat; KTS-1, irrigation with 90 mm of water during the three critical development periods of wheat; KTS-2, irrigation with 70 mm of water during the three critical development periods of wheat; KTS-3, irrigation with 50 mm of water during the three critical development periods of wheat, and Y, non -irrigated (rainfed). According to the results obtained from the study, the highest grain yield (7918 kg ha-1) and energy output (285857 MJ ha-1) were obtained in the TTS application, while the best energy productivity (0,935 kg MJ-1) with energy efficiency ratio (12,46) and the lowest environmental pollution (2272 kgCO2 eq ha-1) were achieved under the KTS-3 regime. The analysis of energy efficiency and environmental pollution in this research led to very important findings. In regions like Konya, where agricultural land is abundant and water resources are limited, it has been observed that instead of full irrigation (TTS) where high yield per unit area (1 ha) is obtained, the same amount of product can be produced from 1,04 ha under KTS-2 and 1,09 ha under KTS-3 regime. In this way, irrigation water savings of 32,4% to 49% can be achieved without a decrease in product quantity, while greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced by 10,3% to 15,6%.
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