Population Dynamics of Olive Fly (Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin)) (Diptera: Tephritidae) and Its Damage in Aydın Province

Abstract

Emergence period of Olive fly (Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin)) (Diptera: Tephritidae) and its population changes and damage on the fruits were studied in three olive orchards in Umurlu, Dalama and Çakmar districts in Aydın province. During the study, one McPhail trap with 2 per cent diammonium phosphate liquid (McPhail), one yellow visual trap with pheromone capsule on (YVTP), and three yellow visual traps mounted an eppendorf capsule within pure ammonium acetate (AA) were placed in each olive orchards. Studies were conducted between 2009-2011 years, and the traps were counted weekly. As a result of population monitoring, first flies were seen on the traps in mid-October and continued during the season till mid-December when its emergence ended. The population levels were too low during the study. However, as the population peaked, the higher population level was determined on YVTP with 307.0 individual/trap in olive orchard in Umurlu district in October 30, 2009. On the other hand, it was counted 70,0 individual/trap in McPhail and 51.3 individual/trap in avarage in AA. The damage on the fruit was the highest in Umurlu with 17.2 per cent in 2009. The population levels in Dalama and Çakmar were 45.0 and 3.0 individual/trap in pheromone traps, and 8.0 and 1.0 individual/trap in avarage in AA, respectively. The damages on the fruits were 8.9 and 3.7 per cent in Dalama and Çakmar, respectively. The population level and damage were appeared in a very low levels in the following years of the study.