Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Cellulose and Starch Extracted from Brewer Spent Grain: Assessment of their Antimicrobial and Preservatives Activities
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v11i2.227-238.5253Keywords:
Nanomaterial, meat, fish, preservation, EDS, SEMAbstract
Non-porous materials like cellulose and starch can be extracted from agro- industrial wastes and incorporated with nanoparticles for effective biotechnological purposes. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNps), silver-cellulose nanoparticles (AgNps-C) and silver-starch nanoparticles (AgNps-S) were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to identify viable biomolecules involved in capping and active stabilization of AgNps. Average sizes and morphologies of AgNps, AgNps-C and AgNps-S were further analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the percentage composition of each element was investigated by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Antimicrobial activity of the synthesized AgNPs-C and AgNPs-S was tested against multiple antibiotic resistance microorganisms isolated from fish and meat. Zones of inhibition displayed by AgNPs-C and AgNPs-S ranged from 8.00 to 13.30 mm and 5.00 to 10.30 mm, respectively. The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for AgNPs-C and AgNPS-S ranged from 125 µg/mL to 500 µg/mL and 500 µg/mL to 1000 µg/mL, respectively. AgNPS-S and AgNPs-C inhibited the growth of microorganisms associated with spoilage of fish and meat. The bio-applications of AgNP –C and AgNP-S can be exploited in food industries as preservative agent or incorporated to packaging materials to elongate the shelf life of food products and reduce the side effects attributed to chemical preservative agents.
References
Almeida ACS, Franco AE N, Peixoto FM, Pessanha KL, Melo NR. 2015. Application of nanotechnology in food packaging. Polímeros, 25: 89-97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-1428.2069.
Araújo DJC, Machado AV, Vilarinho MCLG. 2019. Availability and Suitability of Agroindustrial Residues as Feedstock for Cellulose-Based Materials: Brazil Case Study. Waste and Biomass Valorization 10: 2863–2878 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-018-0291-0.
Badawy MEI, Lotfy TMR, Shawir SMS. 2019. Preparation and antibacterial activity of chitosan-silver nanoparticles for application in preservation of minced meat. Bull Natl Res Cent 43, 83 https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-019-0124-8.
Bajpai VK, Kamle M, Shukla S, Mahato DK, Chandra P, Hwang SK, Kumar P, Huh YS, Han YK. 2018. Prospects of using nanotechnology for food preservation, safety, and security. Journal of food and drug analysis, 26(4), 1201–1214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfda.2018.06.011
Balaji S., Basavaraja R, Deshpande DB, Mahesh BK, Prabhakar A, Venkataraman, (2009). Colloid Surf. B: Biointerf. 68 - 88.
Balashanmugam P, Santhosh S, Giyaullah H, Balakumaran MD, Kalaichelvan PT. 2013. Mycosynthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles from Microporus xanthopus: A Macro Mushroom. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 2(11): 6262-6270.
Bodunde RS, Ogidi CO, Akinyele BJ. 2019. Load and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of microorganisms in muscle foods sold in Akure, Southwest Nigeria. Journal of Food Quality and Hazards Control 6: 30-36. https://doi.org/10.18502/jfqhc.6.1.456
Cheesbrough M. 2006. District laboratory practice for tropical countries, part 2. 2nd ed. Cambridge, UK. 62-70, 267-330.
Das MP, Livingstone JR, Veluswamy P, Das J. 2017. Exploration of Wedelia chinensis leaf-assisted silver nanoparticles for antioxidant, antibacterial and in vitro cytotoxic applications. J Food Drug Anal. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jfda.2017.07.014.
Lomelí-Marroquín D, Medina Cruz D, Nieto-Argüello A, Vernet Crua A, Chen J, Torres-Castro A, Webster TJ, Cholula-Díaz JL. 2019. Starch-mediated synthesis of mono- and bimetallic silver/gold nanoparticles as antimicrobial and anticancer agents. Int J Nanomedicine, 27, 14:2171-2190. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S192757.
Duncan TV. 2011. Applications of nanotechnology in food packaging and food safety: barrier materials, antimicrobials and sensors. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 363(1): 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2011.07.017.
Fariq A, Khan T, Yasmin A. 2017. Microbial synthesis of nanoparticles and their potential applications in biomedicine. Journal of Applied Biomedicine. 15(4): 241-248.
Garza-Cervantes JA, Mendiola-Garza G, de Melo EM. et al. Antimicrobial activity of a silver-microfibrillated cellulose biocomposite against susceptible and resistant bacteria. Sci Rep 10, 7281 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-64127-9.
Al-Hajjar HA, Oda AM, Rasheed MH, Naj HK, Hilwas MH. 2017. Synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles loaded with cellulose and cellulose carbamate. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 9(12):98-103.
He X, Hwang HM. 2016. Nanotechnology in food science: functionality, applicability, and safety assessment. Journal of food and drug analysis, 24(4), 671–681. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfda.2016.06.001.
Huber J, Jung C, Mecking S. 2012. Nanoparticles of Low Optical Band Gap Conjugated Polymers. Macromolecules, 45, 19, 7799–7805
Ibrahim HMM. 2015. Green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using banana peel extract and their antimicrobial activity against representative microorganisms. Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences, 1 -11.
Israel AU, Obot IB, Umoren SA, Mkepenie V, Asuquo JE. (2008). Production of Cellulosic Polymers from Agrowastess. E-Journal of Chemistry. 5(1):81-85.
Liew FK, Hamdan S, Rahman MR, Rusop M, Lai JCH, Hossen F, Rahman MM. 2015. Synthesis and Characterization of Cellulose from Green Bamboo by Chemical Treatment with Mechanical Process. HPCJC, (2015) 6-13.
Lorenzo JM, Munekata PE, Dominguez R, Pateiro M, Saraiva JA, Franco D. 2018. Main Groups of Microorganisms of Relevance for Food Safety and Stability: General Aspects and Overall Description. Innovative Technologies for Food Preservation, 53–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811031-7.00003-0
Maraveas C. 2020. Production of sustainable and biodegradable polymers from agricultural waste. Polymers, 12(5), 1127; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12051127
Mishra PK, Gregor T, Wimmer R. 2017. Utilising brewer's spent grain as a source of cellulose nanofibres following separation of protein-based biomass, BioRes. 12(1), 107-116.
Mohan S, Oluwafemi OS, Kalarikkal N, Thomas S, Songca SP. 2016. Biopolymers – application in nanoscience and nanotechnology. doi: 10.5772/62225.
Morones JR, Elechiguerra JL, Camacho A, Holt K, Kouri JB, Ramírez JT, Yacaman MJ. 2005. The bactericidal effect of silver nanoparticles. Nanotechnology, 16(10):2346-2353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/16/10/059.
Motaung TE. Linganiso LZ. 2018 Critical review on agrowaste cellulose applications for biopolymers. International Journal of Plastics Technology, 22(2):185–216 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12588-018-9219-6
Motelica L, Ficai D, Ficai A, Oprea OC, Kaya DA. Andronescu E. 2020. Biodegradable Antimicrobial Food Packaging: Trends and Perspectives Foods, 9, 1438; doi:10.3390/foods9101438
Musino D, Rivard C, Landrot G, Novales B, Rabilloud T, Capron I. 2021. Hydroxyl groups on cellulose nanocrystal surfaces form nucleation points for silver nanoparticles of varying shapes and sizes, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 584, 360-371.
Muthusamy N 2014. Chemical composition of brewers spent grain-A review. International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology 3(6): 2109-2112
Nevárez LM, Casarrubias LB, Canto OS, Celzard A, Fierro V, Gómez RI, Sánchez GG. 2011 Biopolymers-based nanocomposites: membranes from propionated lignin and cellulose for water purifcation. Carbohydr Polym 86:732–741.
Pornchai R. 2009. Blended Films of Carboxymethyl Cellulose from Papaya Peel (CMCp) and Corn Starch Kasetsart J. Nat. Sci. 43: 259 - 266
Prakash P, Gnanaprakasam P, Emmanuel R, Arokiyaraj S, Saravanan M. 2013. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from leaf extract of Mimusops elengi, Linn. for enhanced antibacterial activity against multi drug resistant clinical isolates. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 108: 255-259.
Preetha D, Prachi K, Chirom A, Arun R. 2013. Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Cannonball Leaves and Their Cytotoxic Activity against MCF-7 Cell Line. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/598328.
Priya AM, Selvan RK, Senthilkumar B, Satheeshkumar MK, Sanjeeviraja C. 2011. Synthesis and characterization of CdWO4 nanocrystals. Ceramics International, 37, 7:2485–2488.
Phanjom P, Ahmed G. 2015. Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Aspergillus oryzae (MTCC No. 1846) and Its Characterizations nanoscience and nanotechnology, 5(1): 14-20
Rozilah A, Aiza -Jaafar CN, Sapuan SM, Zainol I, Ilyas RA. 2020. The effects of silver nanoparticles compositions on the mechanical, physiochemical, antibacterial, and morphology properties of sugar palm starch biocomposites for antibacterial coating. Polymers, 12, 2605; doi:10.3390/polym12112605.
Saini JK, Saini R, Tewari L. 2015. Lignocellulosic agriculture wastes as biomass feedstocks for second-generation bioethanol production: concepts and recent developments. 3 Biotech, 5(4), 337–353. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-014-0246-5
Sathiya CK, Akilandeswari, S. 2014. Fabrication and Characterization of Silver nanoparticles using Delonix elata leaf broth. Spectrochimica acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 128 (2014) 337-341.
Shahjahan M, Rahman MH, Hossain MS, Khatun MA, Islam A, Begum MHA. 2017. Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles by Sol-Gel Technique. Science Publication Group, Nanoscience and Nanometrology; 3(1): 34-39.
Shavisi N, Khanjari A, Basti AA, Misaghi A, Shahbazi Y. 2017. Effect of PLA films containing propolis ethanolic extract, cellulose nanoparticle and Ziziphora clinopodioides essential oil on chemical, microbial and sensory properties of minced beef. Meat Science, 124, 95–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.10.015
Silbir S, Goksungur Y. 2019. Natural Red Pigment Production by Monascus Purpureus in Submerged Fermentation Systems Using a Food Industry Waste: Brewer’s Spent Grain. Foods, 8(5), 161. doi:10.3390/foods8050161
Simbine EO, Rodrigues LC, Lapa-Guimarães J, Kamimura ES, Corassin CH, Oliveira, CAF. 2019. Application of silver nanoparticles in food packages: a review. Food Science and Technology, 39(4), 793-802..https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.36318.
Sobye A, Kolding A, Jorgensen JK, Lund MK, Mikkelsen MO. 2015. Bactericidal effect of silver nanoparticles: determination of size and shape of triangular silver nanoprisms and spherical silver nanoparticles and their bactericidal effect against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis (pp. 9-76). Aalborg: School of Engineering and Science Nanotechnology
Srividya N, Ghoora MD, Padmanabh PR. 2017. Antimicrobial nanotechnology: research implications and prospects in food safety, Grumezescu, A. M. (Ed): In Nanotechnology in the Agri-Food Industry, Food Preservation, Academic Press, 125-165.
Temesgen S, Rennert M, Tesfaye T, Nase M. 2021. Review on Spinning of Biopolymer Fibers from Starch. Polymers, 13, 1121. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13071121
Thiagamani SMK, Rajini N, Siengchin S, Rajulu AV, Hariram N, Ayrilmis N. 2019. Influence of silver nanoparticles on the mechanical, thermal and antimicrobial properties of cellulose-based hybrid nanocomposites. Composites Part B: Engineering, 165:516-525.
Thiago RDSM, Pedro PMDM, Eliana FCS. 2014. Solid wastes in brewing process: a review. Journal of Brew. Distill, 5:1-9.
Willams DHA. 1982. Spectroscopic method in organic chemistry. Willey and son, London.
Wu J, Ning Z, Zhang X, Jian X. 2012. Cellulose/silver nanoparticles composite microspheres: Eco-friendly synthesis and catalytic application. Cellulose, 19, 1239–1249.
Xu Q, Jin L, Wang Y. et al. 2019. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using dialdehyde cellulose nanocrystal as a multi-functional agent and application to antibacterial paper. Cellulose 26: 1309–1321 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-018-2118-3.
Xu Y, Li S, Yue X, Lu W. 2018. Review of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)-cellulose antibacterial composites, BioRes. 13: 2150-2170.
Yakout SM, Mostafa AA. 2015. A novel green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using soluble starch and its antibacterial activity. International journal of clinical and experimental medicine, 8(3), 3538–3544.
Zorraquín-Peña I, Cueva C, Bartolomé B, Moreno-Arribas MV. 2020. Silver Nanoparticles against Foodborne Bacteria. Effects at Intestinal Level and Health Limitations. Microorganisms, 8(1), 132. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8010132.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.