A Review of the Nutritional Profile, Chemical Composition and Potential Health Benefits of Aronia melanocarpa (Chokeberry) Berries and Products
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v11i10.2027-2043.6305Keywords:
Aronia melanocarpa, Chokeberry, Antioxidants, Functional foods, NutritionAbstract
Aronia melnocarpa, commonly known as chokeberry, originates from the eastern region of North America and belongs to the Rosaceae family within the Maloideae subfamily. The sour taste of fresh chokeberries makes them infrequently eaten as is, but they find extensive use in the food industry for creating fruit juices, fruit teas, wines, jams, jellies, and dietary supplements. Chokeberries represent a source of a wide range of bioactive compounds with potential health benefits for humans. Among the effects supporting human health are antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties, as well as protection for the heart, liver, and nervous system. The abundant presence of polyphenols, such as phenolic acids, flavonols, anthocyanins, flavanols, and proanthocyanidins, plays a crucial role in conferring the remarkable bioactivity of chokeberries. These compounds are responsible for many of the health benefits associated with the consumption of chokeberries. Chokeberry fruits and their derived products showcase notable antioxidant properties and have the potential to promote health by effectively reducing the formation of free radicals. In this review, a comprehensive analysis of scientific research has been conducted to explore the polyphenolic compounds found in chokeberries, as well as their antioxidant potential. The findings in this review are likely to have a significant impact on future research focused on developing functional food products based on chokeberries. Chokeberries possess the potential to serve as food constituents intentionally crafted to augment antioxidant capacity. However, similar to other natural plants and medicinal products, conducting extensive research is crucial to assess the antioxidant potential, safety, and mechanisms of action of chokeberries. Therefore, the aim is to make a positive contribution to the continuation of research on the positive effects of chokeberry on health.
References
Alves MJ, Ferreira IC, Froufe HJ, Abreu RM, Martins A, Pintado M. 2013. Antimicrobial activity of phenolic compounds identified in wild mushrooms, SAR analysis and docking studies. J Appl Microbiol. 115(2):346-357. doi: 10.1111/jam.12196
Andrzejewska J, Sadowska K, Klóska Ł, Rogowski L. 2015. The effect of plant age and harvest time on the content of chosen components and antioxidative potential of black chokeberry fruit. Acta Sci. Pol. Technol. Aliment. 14:105–114.
Arts IC, Hollman PC. 2005. Polyphenols and disease risk in epidemiologic studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 81(1):317S-325S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/81.1.317S
Bal C, Eraslan EC, Sevindik M. 2023. Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Activities, Total Phenolic and Element Contents of Wild Edible Mushroom Bovista nigrescens. Prospects in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 21(2): 37-41.
Balansky R, Ganchev G, Iltcheva M, Kratchanova M, Denev P, Kratchanov C, Polasa K, D'Agostini F, Steele VE, De Flora S. 2012. Inhibition of lung tumor development by berry extracts in mice exposed to cigarette smoke. Int J Cancer. 131(9):1991-1997. doi: 10.1002/ijc.27486
Banjari I, Misir A, Šavikin K, Jokić S, Molnar M, De Zoysa HKS, Waisundara VY. 2017. Antidiabetic Effects of Aronia melanocarpa and Its Other Therapeutic Properties. Front Nutr. 4:53. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2017.00053
Bell DR, Gochenaur K. 2006. Direct vasoactive and vasoprotective properties of anthocyanin-rich extracts. J Appl Physiol (1985). 100(4):1164-70. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00626.2005
Bermúdez-Soto MJ, Larrosa M, Garcia-Cantalejo JM, Espín JC, Tomás-Barberan FA, García-Conesa MT. 2007. Up-regulation of tumor suppressor carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 in human colon cancer Caco-2 cells following repetitive exposure to dietary levels of a polyphenol-rich chokeberry juice. J Nutr Biochem. 18(4):259-71. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2006.05.003
Bijak M, Bobrowski M, Borowiecka M, Podsędek A, Golański J, Nowak P. 2011. Anticoagulant effect of polyphenols-rich extracts from black chokeberry and grape seeds. Fitoterapia. 82(6):811-817. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2011.04.017
Bolling BW, Taheri R, Pei R, Kranz S, Yu M, Durocher SN, Brand MH. 2015. Harvest date affects aronia juice polyphenols, sugars, and antioxidant activity, but not anthocyanin stability. Food Chem. 187:189-96. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.04.106.
Boncheva M, Georgiev G, Shishkov V. 2013. Effect of Aronia melanocarpa fruit juice in improving medical test results and creating feeling of health in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease – NAFLD. J. Gene Med. 2:21–30.
Borowska EJ, Szajdek A, Czaplicki S. 2009. Effect of heat and enzyme treatment on yield, phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of juices from chokeberry mash. Italian Journal of Food Science, 21(2):197-209.
Borowska S, Brzóska MM. 2016. Chokeberries (Aronia melanocarpa) and Their Products as a Possible Means for the Prevention and Treatment of Noncommunicable Diseases and Unfavorable Health Effects Due to Exposure to Xenobiotics. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf., 15(6):982-1017. doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.12221.
Bräunlich M, Slimestad R, Wangensteen H, Brede C, Malterud KE, Barsett H. 2013. Extracts, anthocyanins and procyanidins from Aronia melanocarpa as radical scavengers and enzyme inhibitors. Nutrients. 5(3):663-678. doi: 10.3390/nu5030663
Broncel M, Kozirog M, Duchnowicz P, Koter-Michalak M, Sikora J, Chojnowska-Jezierska J. 2010. Aronia melanocarpa extract reduces blood pressure, serum endothelin, lipid, and oxidative stress marker levels in patients with metabolic syndrome. Med Sci Monit. 16(1):CR28-34.
Bursać Kovačević D, Gajdoš Kljusurić J, Putnik P, Vukušić T, Herceg Z, Dragović-Uzelac V. 2016. Stability of polyphenols in chokeberry juice treated with gas phase plasma. Food Chem. 212:323-331. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.05.192
Catalán-Ramos A, Verdú JM, Grau M, Iglesias-Rodal M, del Val García JL, Consola A, Comin E; @GPC-ICS Group. 2014. Population prevalence and control of cardiovascular risk factors: what electronic medical records tell us. Aten Primaria. 46(1):15-24. doi: 10.1016/j.aprim.2013.06.004
Červenka L. 2011. Moisture adsorption characteristics of black currant (Ribes nigrum L.), black elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) and chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa, [minchx.] Ell.) samples at different temperatures. J. Food Process. Eng., 34:1419–1434. doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4530.2009.00507.x
Chen Y, Qie X, Quan W, Zeng M, Qin F, Chen J, Adhikari B, He Z. 2023. Omnifarious fruit polyphenols: an omnipotent strategy to prevent and intervene diabetes and related complication? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 63(20):4288-4324. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2000932
Chojnacka K, Witek-Krowiak A, Skrzypczak D, Mikula K, Młynarz P. 2020. Phytochemicals containing biologically active polyphenols as an effective agent against Covid-19-inducing coronavirus. J Funct Foods. 73:104146. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104146
Cindrić IJ, Zeiner M, Mihajlov-Konanov D, et al., 2017. Inorganic macro- and micronutrients in “superberries” black chokeberries (Aronia melanocarpa) and related teas. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(6):539. doı:10.3390/ijerph14050539
Ciocoiu M, Badescu L, Miron A, Badescu M. 2013. The involvement of a polyphenol-rich extract of black chokeberry in oxidative stress on experimental arterial hypertension. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013:912769. doi: 10.1155/2013/912769
Ćujić N, Kardum N, Šavikin K, Zdunić G, Janković T, Menković N. 2018. Potential of Chokeberry ( Aronia Melanocarpa L.) as a therapeutic food. Holban AM, Grumezescu AM (Editors). In Handbook of Food Bioengineering, Academic Press. Pages 209-237. ISBN 9780128115176
Cvetanović A, Zengin G, Zeković Z, Švarc-Gajić J, Ražić S, Damjanović A, Mašković P, Mitić M. 2018. Comparative in vitro studies of the biological potential and chemical composition of stems, leaves and berries Aronia melanocarpa's extracts obtained by subcritical water extraction. Food Chem Toxicol. 121:458-466. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.09.045
Daskalova E, Delchev S, Peeva Y, Vladimirova-Kitova L, Kratchanova M, Kratchanov C, Denev P. 2015. Antiatherogenic and Cardioprotective Effects of Black Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) Juice in Aging Rats. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015:717439. doi: 10.1155/2015/717439
de Pascual-Teresa S, Moreno DA, García-Viguera C. 2010. Flavanols and anthocyanins in cardiovascular health: a review of current evidence. International journal of molecular sciences, 11(4):1679-703. doi: 10.3390/ijms11041679
Denev P, Číž M, Kratchanova M, Blazheva D. 2019. Black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) polyphenols reveal different antioxidant, antimicrobial and neutrophil-modulating activities. Food chemistry, 284:108-117. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.01.108
Denev P, Lojek A, Ciz M, Kratchanova M. 2013. Antioxidant activity and polyphenol content of Bulgarian fruits. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science 19(1):22-27.
Denev PN, Kratchanov CG, Ciz M. Lojek A, Kratchanova MG. 2012. Bioavailability and antioxidant activity of black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) polyphenols: in vitro and in vivo evidences and possible mechanisms of action: a review, Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf. 11:471-489. doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-4337.2012.00198.x
Ding M, Feng R, Wang SY, Bowman L, Lu Y, Qian Y, Castranova V, Jiang BH, Shi X. 2006. Cyanidin-3-glucoside, a natural product derived from blackberry, exhibits chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activity. J Biol Chem. 281(25):17359-17368. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M600861200.
Dragan S, Andrica F, Serban MC, Timar R. 2015. Polyphenols-rich natural products for treatment of diabetes. Curr Med Chem. 22(1):14-22. doi: 10.2174/0929867321666140826115422
Du Q, Jerz G, Winterhalter P. 2004. Isolation of two anthocyanin sambubiosides from bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) by high-speed counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr A. 1045(1-2):59-63. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.06.017.
Dudonné S, Dubé P, Anhê FF, Pilon G, Marette A, Lemire M, Harris C, Dewailly E, Desjardins Y. 2015. Comprehensive analysis of phenolic compounds and abscisic acid profiles of twelve native canadian berries. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 44:214–224. doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2015.09.003
Ehlenfeldt MK, Prior RL. 2001. Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and phenolic and anthocyanin concentrations in fruit and leaf tissues of highbush blueberry. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 49(5):2222-2227. doi: 10.1021/jf0013656
Gao N, Wang Y, Jiao X, Chou S, Li E, Li B. 2018. Preparative Purification of Polyphenols from Aronia melanocarpa (Chokeberry) with Cellular Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activity. Molecules. 23(1):139. doi: 10.3390/molecules23010139
Gill NK, Rios D, Osorio-Camacena E, Mojica BE, Kaur B, Soderstrom MA, Gonzalez M, Plaat B, Poblete C, Kaur N, Singh H, Forester SC. 2021. Anticancer Effects of Extracts from Three Different Chokeberry Species. Nutr Cancer. 73(7):1168-1174. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1789679
Görelik S, Kanner J, Schurr D, Kohen R, 2013. A rational approach to prevent postprandial modification of LDL by dietary polyphenols. J. Funct. Foods 5(1):163–169.
Gralec IWM. 2019. Aronia Melanocarpa berries: Phenolics composition and antioxidant properties changes during fruit development and ripening. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture 31(3):214-221. doı:10.9755/ejfa.2019.v31.i3.1921
Gramza-Michałowska A, Sidor A, Kulczyński B. 2017. Berries as a potential anti-influenza factor – A review. Journal of Functional Foods, 37:116–137.
Handeland M, Grude N, Torp T, Slimestad R. 2014. Black chokeberry juice (Aronia melanocarpa) reduces incidences of urinary tract infection among nursing home residents in the long term--a pilot study. Nutrition research, 34(6):518-25. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.05.005
Hauner H, Bechthold A, Boeing H, Brönstrup A, Buyken A, Leschik-Bonnet E, Linseisen J, Schulze M, Strohm D, Wolfram G; German Nutrition Society. 2012. Annals of nutrition & metabolism, 60(1):1-58. doi: 10.1159/000335326
Hawkins J, Hires C, Baker C, Keenan L, Bush M. 2021. Daily supplementation with aronia melanocarpa (chokeberry) reduces blood pressure and cholesterol: a meta analysis of controlled clinical trials. J Diet Suppl. 18(5):517-530. doi: 10.1080/19390211.2020.1800887
Hirth M, Preiß R, Mayer-Miebach E, Schuchmann HP. 2015. Influence of HTST extrusion cooking process parameters on the stability of anthocyanins, procyanidins and hydroxycinnamic acids as the main bioactive chokeberry polyphenols. Lwt - Food Sci. Technol. 62(1):511-516. doı:10.1016/j.lwt.2014.08.032
Hooper L, Kroon PA, Rimm EB, Cohn JS, Harvey I, Le Cornu KA, Ryder JJ, Hall WL, Cassidy A. 2008. Flavonoids, flavonoid-rich foods, and cardiovascular risk: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr. 88(1):38-50. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/88.1.38
Hwang E-S, Thi ND. 2018. Anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities of aronia (Aronia Melanocarpa) leaves. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed. 8:586.
Jakobek L, Drenjančević M, Jukić V, Šeruga M, Turalija A, Milić M. 2012b. Polyphenols, anthocyanins and antiradical activity of chokeberries. Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 11(2):76-84.
Jakobek L, Drenjančević M, Jukić V, Šeruga M. 2012a. Phenolic acids, flavonols, anthocyanins and antiradical activity of “Nero”, “Viking”, “Galicianka” and wild chokeberries. Sci. Hortic. 147:56–63.
Jakobek L, Šeruga M, Medvidović-Kosanović M, Novak, I. 2007. Anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity of various red fruit juices. Deutsche Lebensmittel-rundschau, 103:58–64.
Jang BK, Lee JW, Choi H, Yim SV. 2020. Aronia melanocarpa Fruit Bioactive Fraction Attenuates LPS-Induced Inflammatory Response in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Antioxidants (Basel). 9(9):816. doi: 10.3390/antiox9090816
Jiao X, Shen Y, Deng H, Zhang Q, Zhao J. 2021. Cyanidin-3-O-galactoside from Aronia melanocarpa attenuates high-fat diet-induced obesity and inflammation via AMPK, STAT3, and NF-κB p65 signaling pathways in Sprague-Dawley rats. Journal of functional foods, 85:104616. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104616
Jurendić T, Ščetar M. 2021. Aronia melanocarpa Products and By-Products for Health and Nutrition: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel), 10(7):1052. doi: 10.3390/antiox10071052
Jurikova T, Mlcek J, Skrovankova S, Sumczynski D, Sochor J, Hlavacova I, Snopek L, Orsavova J. 2017. Fruits of Black Chokeberry Aronia melanocarpa in the Prevention of Chronic Diseases. Molecules, 22(6):944. doi: 10.3390/molecules22060944
Kader AA, Barrett DM. 2005. Classification, composition of fruits and postharvest maintenance of quality. In Processing Fruits: Science and Technology, 2nd ed.; Barrett, D.M., Somogyi, L.P., Ramaswamy, H.S., Eds.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA, pp. 3–22.
Kähkönen MP, Hopia AI, Heinonen M. 2001. Berry phenolics and their antioxidant activity. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 49(8):4076-82. doi: 10.1021/jf010152t
Kanner J, Gorelik S, Roman S, Kohen R. 2012. Protection by polyphenols of postprandial human plasma and low-density lipoprotein modification: the stomach as a bioreactor. J Agric Food Chem. 60(36):8790-8796. doi: 10.1021/jf300193g
Kapci B, Neradová E, Čížková H, Voldřich M, Rajchl A, Capanoglu E. 2013. Investigating the antioxidant potential of chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) products. J. Food Nutr. Res. 52:219–229.
Kardum N, Konić-Ristić A, Savikin K, Spasić S, Stefanović A, Ivanišević J, Miljković M. 2014a. Effects of polyphenol-rich chokeberry juice on antioxidant/pro-oxidant status in healthy subjects. J Med Food. 17(8):869-874. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2013.0135
Kardum N, Milovanović B, Šavikin K, Zdunić G, Mutavdžin S, Gligorijević T, Spasić S. 2015. Beneficial Effects of Polyphenol-Rich Chokeberry Juice Consumption on Blood Pressure Level and Lipid Status in Hypertensive Subjects. J Med Food. 18(11):1231-1238. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2014.0171
Kardum N, Petrović-Oggiano G, Takic M, Glibetić N, Zec M, Debeljak-Martacic J, Konić-Ristić A. 2014b. Effects of glucomannan-enriched, aronia juice-based supplement on cellular antioxidant enzymes and membrane lipid status in subjects with abdominal obesity. ScientificWorldJournal. 2014:869250. doi: 10.1155/2014/869250
Kardum N, Takić M, Šavikin K, Zec M, Zdunić G, Spasić S. et al. (2014c). Effects of polyphenol-rich chokeberry juice on cellular antioxidant enzymes and membrane lipid status in healthy women. Journal of Functional Foods, 9:89–97. doı:10.1016/j.jff.2014.04.019
Kędzierska M, Głowacki R, Czernek U, Szydłowska-Pazera K, Potemski P, Piekarski J. et al. 2013a. Changes in plasma thiol levels induced by different phases of treatment in breast cancer; the role of commercial extract from black chokeberry. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 372:47–55.
Kędzierska M, Malinowska J, Kontek B, Kołodziejczyk-Czepas J, Czernek U, Potemski P, Piekarski J, Jeziorski A, Olas B. 2013b. Chemotherapy modulates the biological activity of breast cancer patients plasma: the protective properties of black chokeberry extract. Food Chem Toxicol. 53:126-32. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.11.042
Kedzierska M, Olas B, Wachowicz B, Glowacki R, Bald E, Czernek U, Szydłowska-Pazera K, Potemski P, Piekarski J, Jeziorski A. 2012. Effects of the commercial extract of aronia on oxidative stress in blood platelets isolated from breast cancer patients after the surgery and various phases of the chemotherapy. Fitoterapia. 83(2):310-7. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2011.11.007
Keskin-Šašić I, Tahirović I, Topčagić A, Klepo L, Salihović M, Ibragić S, Toromanović J, Ajanović A, Velispahić E. 2012. Total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of fruit juices. Bull. Chem. Technol. Bosnia Herzeg. 39:25–28.
Kim SS, Shin Y. 2020. Antibacterial and in vitro antidementia effects of aronia (Aronia melanocarpa) leaf extracts. Food Sci Biotechnol. 29(9):1295-1300. doi: 10.1007/s10068-020-00774-y
Kokotkiewicz A, Jaremicz Z, Luczkiewicz M. 2010. Aronia plants: a review of traditional use, biological activities, and perspectives for modern medicine. J Med Food. 13(2):255-69. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2009.0062.
Krajka-Kuźniak V, Szaefer H, Ignatowicz E, Adamska T, Oszmiański J, Baer-Dubowska W. 2009. Effect of Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) juice on the metabolic activation and detoxication of carcinogenic N-nitrosodiethylamine in rat liver. J Agric Food Chem. 57(11):5071-5077. doi: 10.1021/jf803973y
Kulling SE, Rawel HM. 2008. Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa): A review on the characteristic components and potential health effects. Planta Medica, 74(13):1625-34. doi: 10.1055/s-0028-1088306
Kumar S, Narwal S, Kumar V, Prakash O. 2011. α-glucosidase inhibitors from plants: A natural approach to treat diabetes. Pharmacogn Rev. Jan;5(9):19-29. doi: 10.4103/0973-7847.79096
Lancrajan, I. 2012. Aronia melanocarpa a potential therapeutic agent. Studia Universitatis “Vasile Goldiş”, Seria¸ Ştiinţele Vieţii (Life Sciences Series), 22(3):389–394.
Li D, Wang P, Luo Y, Zhao M, Chen F. 2017. Health benefits of anthocyanins and molecular mechanisms: Update from recent decade. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 57(8):1729-1741. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1030064
Liang Z, Liang H, Guo Y, Yang D. 2021. Cyanidin 3-O-galactoside: A Natural Compound with Multiple Health Benefits. International journal of molecular sciences, 22(5):2261. doi: 10.3390/ijms22052261
Lipińska P, Jóźwik A. 2018. Hepatoprotective, Hypoglycemic, and Hypolipidemic Effect of Chokeberry Pomace on Polish Merino Lambs. Anim Biotechnol. 29(2):136-141. doi: 10.1080/10495398.2017.1330209
Loo BM, Erlund I, Koli R, Puukka P, Hellström J, Wähälä K, Mattila P, Jula A. 2016. Consumption of chokeberry (Aronia mitschurinii) products modestly lowered blood pressure and reduced low-grade inflammation in patients with mildly elevated blood pressure. Nutr Res. 36(11):1222-1230. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.09.005
Lovegrove A, Edwards CH, De Noni I, Patel H, El SN, Grassby T, Zielke C, Ulmius M, Nilsson L, Butterworth PJ, Ellis PR, Shewry PR. 2017. Role of polysaccharides in food, digestion, and health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 57(2):237-253. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2014.939263
Malien-Aubert C, Dangles O, Amiot MJ. Color stability of commercial anthocyanin-based extracts in relation to the phenolic composition. 2001. Protective effects by intra- and intermolecular copigmentation. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 49(1):170-6. doi: 10.1021/jf000791o
Malik M, Zhao C, Schoene N, Guisti MM, Moyer MP, Magnuson BA. 2003. Anthocyanin-rich extract from Aronia meloncarpa E induces a cell cycle block in colon cancer but not normal colonic cells. Nutrition and cancer, 46(2):186-96. doi: 10.1207/S15327914NC4602_12
Malinowska J, Babicz K, Olas B, Stochmal A, Oleszek W. 2012. Aronia melanocarpa extract suppresses the biotoxicity of homocysteine and its metabolite on the hemostatic activity of fibrinogen and plasma. Nutrition. 28(7-8):793-798. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2011.10.012
Manach C, Scalbert A, Morand C, Rémésy C, Jiménez L. 2004. Polyphenols: food sources and bioavailability. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 79(5):727-47. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/79.5.727
Mancia G, De Backer G, Dominiczak A, Cifkova R, Fagard R, Germano G, Grassi G, Heagerty AM, Kjeldsen SE, Laurent S, Narkiewicz K, Ruilope L, Rynkiewicz A, Schmieder RE, Boudier HA, Zanchetti A, Vahanian A, Camm J, De Caterina R, Dean V, Dickstein K. and et al. 2007. Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension: The Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). J Hypertens. 25(6):1105-87. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e3281fc975a
Mattila P, Hellström J, Törrönen R. 2006. Phenolic acids in berries, fruits, and beverages. J Agric Food Chem. 54(19):7193-9. doi: 10.1021/jf0615247
Mayer-Miebach E, Adamiuk M, Behsnilian D. 2012. Stability of Chokeberry Bioactive Polyphenols during Juice Processing and Stabilization of a Polyphenol-Rich Material from the By-Product. Agriculture, 2(3):244-258. doi.org/10.3390/agriculture2030244
Milutinović M, VeliČković Radovanović R, Šavikin K, Radenković S, Arvandi M, Pešić M, Kostić M, Miladinović B, Branković S, Kitić D. 2019. Chokeberry juice supplementation in type 2 diabetic patients—Impact on health status. J. Appl. Biomed. 17:218–224.
Minkiewicz P, Pliszka B, Dziuba J, Oszmiański J. 2004. Second and Third Derivatives of UV Spectra as a Tool for Identification of Major Anthocyanins from Aronia melanocarpa Extract, Separated Using Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 69:1443-1452. doi.org/10.1135/cccc20041443
Mohammed FS, Kına E, Uysal İ, Mencik K, Dogan M, Pehlivan M, Sevindik M. 2022. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of ethanol extract of Lepidium spinosum. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 10(6): 1116-1119.
Mohammed FS, Sevindik M, Uysal İ, Sabik AE. 2023b. Quercetin: derivatives, biosynthesis, biological activity, pharmacological and therapeutic effects. Prospects in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 21(3), 49-56.
Mohammed FS, Uysal I, Sevindik E, Doğan M, Sevindik M. 2023a. Pimpinella species (Anise): Traditional use, Mineral, Nutrient and Chemical contents, Biological activities. International Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research, 4(2): 97-105. Doi: 10.53811/ijtcmr.1306831
Moyer RA, Hummer KE, Finn CE, Frei B, Wrolstad RE. 2002. Anthocyanins, phenolics, and antioxidant capacity in diverse small fruits: vaccinium, rubus, and ribes. J Agric Food Chem. 30;50(3):519-25. doi: 10.1021/jf011062r
Mu J, Xin G, Zhang B, Wang Y, Ning C, Meng X. 2020. Beneficial effects of Aronia melanocarpa berry extract on hepatic insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats. J Food Sci. 85(4):1307-1318. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.15109
Najda A, Łabuda H. 2013. Content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties of fruits of selected orchard shrub species. Mod. Phytomorphology, 3:105–109. doı:10.5281/zenodo.161997
Nawirska A, Kwaśniewska M. 2004. Frakcje błonnika w wytłokach z owoców. Acta Sci. Pol. Technol. Aliment. 3:13–20.
Nawirska A, Kwaśniewska M. 2005. Dietary fibre fractions from fruit and vegetable processing waste. Food Chemistry, 91:221–225.
Nawirska A, Sokół-Łętowska A, Kucharska A. 2007. Właściwości przeciwutleniające wytłoków z wybranych owoców kolorowych. Żywność. Nauka. Technologia Jakość, 4:120–125.
Negreanu-Pirjol BS, Oprea OC, Negreanu-Pirjol T, Roncea FN, Prelipcean A-M, Craciunescu O, Iosageanu A, Artem V, Ranca A, Motelica L, and et al. 2023. Health Benefits of Antioxidant Bioactive Compounds in the Fruits and Leaves of Lonicera caerulea L. and Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliot. Antioxidants, 12(4):951. doi.org/10.3390/antiox12040951
Nowak D, Grąbczewska Z, Gośliński M, Obońska K, Dąbrowska A, Kubica J. 2016. Effect of chokeberry juice consumption on antioxidant capacity, lipids profile and endothelial function in healthy people: a pilot study. Czech J. Food Sci. 34(1):39-46. doi: 10.17221/258/2015-CJFS
Ochmian I, Grajkowski J, Smolik M. 2012. Comparsion of some morphological features, quality and chemical content of four cultivars of chokeberry fruits (Aronia melanocarpa). Not. Bot. Horti Agrobot. Cluj-Napoca, 40(1):253-260. doı:10.15835/nbha4017181
Ochmian I, Oszmiański J, Skupień K. 2009. Chemical composition, phenolics and firmness of small black fruis. Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality, 83(1):64-69.
Ohgami K, Ilieva I, Shiratori K, Koyama Y, Jin XH, Yoshida K, Kase S, Kitaichi N, Suzuki Y, Tanaka T, Ohno S. 2005. Anti-inflammatory effects of aronia extract on rat endotoxin-induced uveitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 46(1):275-281. doi: 10.1167/iovs.04-0715
Olas B, Wachowicz B, Tomczak A, Erler J, Stochmal A, Oleszek W. 2008. Comparative anti-platelet and antioxidant properties of polyphenol-rich extracts from: berries of Aronia melanocarpa, seeds of grape and bark of Yucca schidigera in vitro. Platelets. 19(1):70-7. doi: 10.1080/09537100701708506
Oprea E, Manolescu BN, Farcasanu IC, Mladin P, Mihele D. 2014. Studies concerning antioxidant and hypoglycaemic activity of Aronia melanocarpa fruits. Farmacia 62(2):254–263.
Oszmiański J, Lachowicz S. 2016. Effect of the Production of Dried Fruits and Juice from Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa L.) on the Content and Antioxidative Activity of Bioactive Compounds. Molecules, 21(8):1098. doi: 10.3390/molecules21081098
Oszmiański J, Wojdylo A. 2005. Aronia melanocarpa phenolics and their antioxidant activity. European Food Research and Technology, 221(6):809-813. doi.org/10.1007/s00217-005-0002-5
Park S, Kim JI, Lee I, Lee S, Hwang MW, Bae JY, Heo J, Kim D, Han SZ, Park MS. 2013. Aronia melanocarpa and its components demonstrate antiviral activity against influenza viruses. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 11;440(1):14-19. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.08.090
Park YM, Park JB. 2011. The preventive and therapeutic effects of Aronox extract on metabolic abnormality and hypertension. Journal of the Korean Society of Hypertension, 17:95–102. doı:10.5646/jksh.2011.17.3.95
Pavlovic AN, Brcanović JM, Veljković JN, Mitic SS, Tošić SB, Kaličanin BM, Kostic DA, Ðorđević MS, Velimirović DS. 2015. Characterization of commercially available products of aronia according to their metal content. Fruits, 70:385-393. doı:10.1051/fruıts/2015038
Pieszka M, Gogol P, Pietras M, Pieszka M. 2015. Valuable Components of Dried Pomaces of Chokeberry, Black Currant, Strawberry, Apple and Carrot as a Source of Natural Antioxidants and Nutraceuticals in the Animal Diet. Annals of Animal Science, 15:475 - 491. doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2014-0072
Pilaczynska-Szczesniak L, Skarpanska-Steinborn A, Deskur E, Basta P, Horoszkiewicz-Hassan M. 2005. The influence of chokeberry juice supplementation on the reduction of oxidative stress resulting from an incremental rowing ergometer exercise. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 15(1):48-58. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.15.1.48
Pinent M, Blay M, Bladé MC, Salvadó MJ, Arola L, Ardévol A. 2004. Grape seed-derived procyanidins have an antihyperglycemic effect in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and insulinomimetic activity in insulin-sensitive cell lines. Endocrinology. 145(11):4985-90. doi: 10.1210/en.2004-0764
Pliszka B, Huszcza-Ciołkowska G, Wierzbicka E. 2008. Effects of extraction conditions on the content of anthocyanins and bioelements in berry fruit extracts. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 39:753-762. doi.org/10.1080/00103620701879356.
Polce SA, Burke C, França LM, Kramer B, de Andrade Paes AM, Carrillo-Sepulveda MA. 2018. Ellagic Acid Alleviates Hepatic Oxidative Stress and Insulin Resistance in Diabetic Female Rats. Nutrients. 10(5):531. doi: 10.3390/nu10050531
Popović K, Pozderović A, Jakobek L, Rukavina J, Pichler A. 2016. Concentration of chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) juice by nanofiltration. J. Food Nutr. Res. 55:159–170.
Poreba R, Skoczynska A, Gac P, Poreba M, Jedrychowska I, Affelska-Jercha A, Turczyn B, Wojakowska A, Oszmianski J, Andrzejak R. 2009. Drinking of chokeberry juice from the ecological farm Dzieciolowo and distensibility of brachial artery in men with mild hypercholesterolemia. Ann Agric Environ Med. 16(2):305-8.
Pozderović A, Popović K, Pichler A, Jakobek L. 2016. Influence of processing parameters on permeate flow and retention of aroma and phenolic compounds in chokeberry juice concentrated by reverse osmosis. Cyta – J. Food, 14:382–390.
Puupponen-Pimiä R, Nohynek L, Meier C, Kähkönen M, Heinonen M, Hopia A, Oksman-Caldentey KM. 2001. Antimicrobial properties of phenolic compounds from berries. J Appl Microbiol. 90(4):494-507. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2001.01271.x
Qin B, Anderson RA. 2012. An extract of chokeberry attenuates weight gain and modulates insulin, adipogenic and inflammatory signalling pathways in epididymal adipose tissue of rats fed a fructose-rich diet. Br J Nutr. 108(4):581-7. doi: 10.1017/S000711451100599X
Rauha JP, Remes S, Heinonen M, Hopia A, Kähkönen M, Kujala T, Pihlaja K, Vuorela H, Vuorela P. 2000. Antimicrobial effects of Finnish plant extracts containing flavonoids and other phenolic compounds. Int J Food Microbiol. 56(1):3-12. doi: 10.1016/s0168-1605(00)00218-x
Ren Y, Frank T, Meyer G, Lei J, Grebenc JR, Slaughter R, Gao YG, Kinghorn AD. 2022. Potential Benefits of Black Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) Fruits and Their Constituents in Improving Human Health. Molecules. 27(22):7823. doi: 10.3390/molecules27227823
Riaz M, Zia-Ul-Haq M, Saad B. 2016. The role of anthocyanins in health as antioxidant, in bone health and as heart protecting agents. Springerbrief Food, 87–107.
Robards K, Prenzler PD, Tucker G, Swatsitang P, Glover W. 1999. Phenolic compounds and their role in oxidative processes in fruits. Food Chemistry, 66(4): 401–436. doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(99)00093-X
Romani A, Vignolini P, Ieri F, Heimler D. 2016. Polyphenols and Volatile Compounds in Commercial Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) Products. Natural product communications, 11(1):99-102.
Rop O, Mlcek J, Jurikova T, Valsikova M, Sochor J, Reznicek V, Kramarova, D. 2010. Phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, radical oxygen species scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibiting activities of extracts of five Black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliot) cultivars. J. Med. Plants Res. 4:2431–2437.
Rugină D, Diaconeasa Z, Coman C, Bunea A, Socaciu C, Pintea A. 2015. Chokeberry Anthocyanin Extract as Pancreatic β-Cell Protectors in Two Models of Induced Oxidative Stress. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2015:429075. doi: 10.1155/2015/429075
Rugină D, Sconţa Z, Leopold L, Pintea A, Bunea A, Socaciu C. 2012. Antioxidant activities of chokeberry extracts and the cytotoxic action of their anthocyanin fraction on HeLa human cervical tumor cells. J Med Food. 15(8):700-6. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2011.0246
Sainova I, Pavlova V, Alexieva B, Vavrek I, Nikolova E, Valcheva-Kuzmanova S, Markova T, Krachanova M, Denev P. 2012. Chemoprotective, antioxidant and immunomodulatory in vitro e effects of Aronia melanocarpa total extract on laboratory-cultivated normal and malignant cells. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 35–43.
Seeram NP, Aviram M, Zhang Y, Henning SM, Feng L, Dreher M, Heber D. 2008. Comparison of antioxidant potency of commonly consumed polyphenol-rich beverages in the United States. J Agric Food Chem. 56(4):1415-1422. doi: 10.1021/jf073035s
Sharif T, Stambouli M, Burrus B. et al., 2013. The polyphenolic-rich Aronia melanocarpa juice kills teratocarcinomal cancer stem-like cells, but not their differentiated counterparts, J. Funct. Foods 5(3):1244-1252. doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2013.04.007
Sidor A, Drożdżyńska A, Gramza-Michałowska A. 2019. Black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) and its products as potential health-promoting factors - An overview. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 89:45–60. doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2019.05.006
Sidor A, Gramza-Michałowska A. 2019. Black Chokeberry Aronia melanocarpa L.-A Qualitative Composition, Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Potential. Molecules. 24(20):3710. doi: 10.3390/molecules24203710
Sikora J, Broncel M, Mikiciuk-Olasik E. (2014a). Aronia melanocarpa Elliot reduces the activity of angiotensin I-converting enzyme- in vitro and ex vivo studies. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2014(2):739721. doi.org/10.1155/2014/739721
Sikora J, Markowicz-Piasecka M, Broncel M, Mikiciuk-Olasik E. (2014b). Extract of Aronia melanocarpa-modified hemostasis: in vitro studies. Eur J Nutr. 53(7):1493-502. doi: 10.1007/s00394-014-0653-8
Skoczynska A, Jedrychowska I, Poreba R, Affelska-Jercha A, Turczyn B, Wojakowska A, Andrzejak R. 2007. Influence of chokeberry juice on arterial blood pressure and lipid parameters in men with mild hypercholesterolemia. Pharm. Rep. 59(1):177-182.
Skrede G, Martinsen BK, Wold AB, Birkeland SE, Aaby K. 2012. Variation in quality parameters between and within 14 Nordic tree fruit and berry species. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science, 62:193–208.
Skupień K, Ochmian I, Grajkowski J. 2008. Influence of mineral fertilization on selected physical features and chemical composition of aronia fruit. Acta Agrophysica, 11:213–226.
Skupień K, Oszmiański J. 2007. The effect of mineral fertilization on nutritive value and biological activity of chokeberry fruit. Agricultural and Food Science, 16:46–55. doi.org/10.2137/145960607781635822
Slimestad R, Torskangerpoll K, Nateland HS, Johannessen T, Giske NH. 2005. Flavonoids from black chokeberries, Aronia melanocarpa. J. Food Compos. Anal., 18: 61–68. doı:10.1016/j.jfca.2003.12.003
Šnebergrová J, Čížková H, Neradová E, Kapci B, Rajchl A, Voldřich M. 2014. Variability of characteristic components of aronia. Czech. J. Food Sci. 32:25–30.
Sójka M, Kołodziejczyk K, Milala J. 2013. Polyphenolic and basic chemical composition of black chokeberry industrial by-products. Ind. Crop. Prod., 51:77–86. doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.08.051
Sosnowska D, Podședek A, Kucharska AZ, Redzynia M, Opchowska M, Koziołkiewicz M. 2016. Comparison of in vitro anti-lipase and antioxidant activities, and composition of commercial chokeberry juices. European Food Research and Technology, 242(4):505–515. doı:10.1007/s00217-015-2561-4
Sosnowska D, Podsędek A, Redzynia M, Żyżelewicz D. 2015. Effects of Fruit Extracts on Pancreatic Lipase Activity in Lipid Emulsions. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 70(3):344-50. doi: 10.1007/s11130-015-0501-x.
Stanisavljević N, Samardžić J, Janković T, Šavikin K, Mojsin M, Topalović V, Stevanović M. 2015. Antioxidant and antiproliferative activity of chokeberry juice phenolics during in vitro simulated digestion in the presence of food matrix. Food Chem. 175:516-22. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.12.009
Staszowska-Karkut M, Materska M. 2020. Phenolic Composition, Mineral Content, and Beneficial Bioactivities of Leaf Extracts from Black Currant (Ribes nigrum L.), Raspberry (Rubus idaeus), and Aronia (Aronia melanocarpa). Nutrients. 12(2):463. doi: 10.3390/nu12020463
Stephen AM, Champ MM, Cloran SJ, Fleith M, van Lieshout L, Mejborn H, Burley VJ. 2017. Dietary fibre in Europe: current state of knowledge on definitions, sources, recommendations, intakes and relationships to health. Nutr Res Rev. 30(2):149-190. doi: 10.1017/S095442241700004X
Stojković L, Zec M, Zivkovic M, Bundalo M, Bošković M, Glibetić M, Stankovic A. 2021. Polyphenol-Rich Aronia melanocarpa Juice Consumption Affects LINE-1 DNA Methylation in Peripheral Blood Leukocytes in Dyslipidemic Women. Frontiers in nutrition, 8:689055. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.689055
Sun Z, Zhou X, Zhang J, Li T. 2017. Research progress of anthocyanin antioxidant function in Aronia melanocarpa. Food Res. Dev. 38(16):220–224.
Szopa A, Kokotkiewicz A, Kubica P, Banaszczak P, Wojtanowska-Krośniak A, Krosniak M, Marzec-Wróblewska U, Badura A, Zagrodzki P, Bucinski A, and et al. 2017. Comparative analysis of different groups of phenolic compounds in fruit and leaf extracts of Aronia sp.: A. melanocarpa, A. arbutifolia, and A. X prunifolia and their antioxidant activities. European Food Research and Technology, 243:1645–1657. doi.org/10.1007/s00217-017-2872-8
Takahashi A, Shimizu H, Okazaki Y, Sakaguchi H, Taira T, Suzuki T, Chiji H. 2015. Anthocyanin-rich Phytochemicals from Aronia Fruits Inhibit Visceral Fat Accumulation and Hyperglycemia in High-fat Diet-induced Dietary Obese Rats. J Oleo Sci. 64(12):1243-1250. doi: 10.5650/jos.ess15181
Tanaka T, Tanaka A. 2001. Chemical components and characteristics of black chokeberry. Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi, 8:606–610.
Tarko T, Duda-Chodak A, Sroka P, Satora P, Michalik J. 2009. Transformations of phenolic compounds in an in vitro model simulating the human alimentary tract. Food Technol. Biotechnol. 47:456–463.
Tian Y, Liimatainen J, Alanne AL, Lindstedt A, Liu P, Sinkkonen J, Kallio H, Yang B. 2017. Phenolic compounds extracted by acidic aqueous ethanol from berries and leaves of different berry plants. Food Chem. 220:266-281. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.145
Tian Y, Puganen A, Alakomi HL, Uusitupa A, Saarela M, Yang B. 2018. Antioxidative and antibacterial activities of aqueous ethanol extracts of berries, leaves, and branches of berry plants. Food Res Int. 106:291-303. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.12.071
Tolić M, Krbavčić IP, Vujević P, Milinović B, Jurčević IL, Vahčić N. 2017. Effects of Weather Conditions on Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Capacity in Juice of Chokeberries (Aronia melanocarpa L.). Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences, 67(1):67-74. doi.org/10.1515/pjfns-2016-0009
Tolić MT, Jurčević IL, Krbavčić IP, Marković K, Vahčić N. 2015. Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Capacity and Quality of Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) Products. Food Technol Biotechnol. 53(2):171-179. doi: 10.17113/ftb.53.02.15.3833.
Tomić M, Ignjatović Đ, Tovilović-Kovačević G, Krstić-Milošević D, Ranković S, Popović T, Glibetić M. 2016. Reduction of anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors in rats after one month of drinking Aronia melanocarpa berry juice. Food Funct. 7(7):3111-20. doi: 10.1039/c6fo00321d
Unal O, Eraslan EC, Uysal I, Mohammed FS, Sevindik M, Akgul H. 2022. Biological activities and phenolic contents of Rumex scutatus collected from Turkey. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 31(7): 7341-7346.
Uysal I, Koçer O, Mohammed FS, Lekesiz Ö, Doğan M, Şabik AE, Sevindik E, Gerçeker F, Sevindik M. 2023. Pharmacological and nutritional properties: Genus Salvia. Advances in Pharmacology and Pharmacy, 11(2): 140-155.
Vagiri M, Jensen M. 2017. Influence of juice processing factors on quality of black chokeberry pomace as a future resource for colour extraction. Food Chem. 217:409-417. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.08.121
Valcheva-Kuzmanova S, Denev P, Eftimov M, Georgieva A, Kuzmanova V, Kuzmanov A, Kuzmanov K, Tzaneva M. 2019. Protective effects of Aronia melanocarpa juices either alone or combined with extracts from Rosa canina or Alchemilla vulgaris in a rat model of indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers. Food Chem Toxicol. 132:110739. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110739
Valcheva-Kuzmanova S, Eftimov M, Denev P, Krachanova M, Belcheva A. 2013b. Effect of Aronia melanocarpa fruit juice on alcohol-induced depressive-like behavior in rats. Scr. Sci. Med. 45:7–13. dx.doi.org/10.14748/ssm.v45i0.933
Valcheva-Kuzmanova S, Kuzmanov K, Mihova V, Krasnaliev I, Borisova P, Belcheva A. 2007. Antihyperlipidemic effect of Aronia melanocarpa fruit juice in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 62(1):19-24. doi: 10.1007/s11130-006-0036-2
Valcheva-Kuzmanova S, Marazova K, Krasnaliev I, Galunska B, Borisova P, Belcheva A. 2005. Effect of Aronia melanocarpa fruit juice on indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal damage and oxidative stress in rats. Exp Toxicol Pathol. 56(6):385-92. doi: 10.1016/j.etp.2005.01.001
Valcheva-Kuzmanova SV, Beronova AB, Momekov GT. 2013a. Protective effect of Aronia melanocarpa fruit juice in a model of cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in vitro. Folia Med (Plovdiv). 55(3-4):76-79. doi: 10.2478/folmed-2013-0031
Veberic R, Slatnar A, Bizjak J, Stampar F, Mikulic-Petkovsek M. 2015. Anthocyanin composition of different wild and cultivated berry species. Lwt- Food Sci. Technol. 60:509–517. doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2014.08.033
Vlachojannis C, Zimmermann BF, Chrubasik-Hausmann S. 2015. Quantification of anthocyanins in elderberry and chokeberry dietary supplements. Phytother Res. 29(4):561-5. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5284
Wangensteen H, Bräunlich M, Nikolic V, Malterud KE, Slimestad R, Barsett H. 2014. Anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins and total phenolics in four cultivars of aronia: Antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory effects. J. Funct. Foods 7:746–752.
Wawer I, Wolniak M, Paradowska K. 2006. Solid state NMR study of dietary fiber powders from aronia, bilberry, black currant and apple. Solid State Nucl Magn Reson. 30(2):106-13. doi: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2006.05.001.
Wichrowska D, Wojdyła T, Rolbiecki S, Rolbiecki R. 2007. Influence of drip irrigation and microsprinkler irrigation on the yield and quality of chokeberry fruits. Zesz. Nauk. Inst. Sadow. I Kwiaciarstwa, 15:63–71.
Wiczkowski W, Romaszko E, Piskula MK. 2010. Bioavailability of cyanidin glycosides from natural chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) juice with dietary-relevant dose of anthocyanins in humans. J Agric Food Chem. 58(23):12130-12136. doi: 10.1021/jf102979z
Wilkes K, Howard LR, Brownmiller C, Prior RL. 2014. Changes in chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa L.) polyphenols during juice processing and storage. J Agric Food Chem. 62(18):4018-4025. doi: 10.1021/jf404281n
Wilkowska A, Ambroziak W, Adamiec J, Czy˙zowska A. 2017. Preservation of antioxidant activity and polyphenols in chokeberry juice and wine with the use of microencapsulation. J. Food Process. Preserv. 41(3):e12924. doı:10.1111/jfpp.12924
Williamson G. 2017. The role of polyphenols in modern nutrition. Nutrition bulletin, 42(3):226-235. doi: 10.1111/nbu.12278
Wu X, Gu L, Prior RL, McKay S. 2004. Characterization of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins in some cultivars of Ribes, Aronia, and Sambucus and their antioxidant capacity. J Agric Food Chem. 52(26):7846-7856. doi: 10.1021/jf0486850
Yamane T, Kozuka M, Wada-Yoneta M, Sakamoto T, Nakagaki T, Nakano Y. et al. 2017. Aronia juice suppresses the elevation of postprandial blood glucose levels in adult healthy Japanese. Clinical Nutrition Experimental, 12:20–26. doi.org/10.1016/j.yclnex.2017.01.002
Yamane T, Kozuka M, Yamamoto Y, Nakano Y, Nakagaki T, Ohkubo I, Ariga H. 2016. Effectiveness of aronia berries for reduction of mild fibrosis and gene expression analysis in livers from mice fed a high-fat diet with aronia berries. Funct. Foods Health Dis. 6:144–157. doı: 10.31989/ffhd.v6i3.245
Yang S-Q, Wang D, Gao Y-X. 2021. Advances in studies on the function and application of Aronia melanocarpa. Food Res. 42:206–213.
Zdunić G, Alimpić Aradski A, Gođevac D, Živković J, Duletić Laušević S, Krstić Milošević D, Šavikin K. 2020. In vitro hypoglycemic , antioxidant and antineurodegenerative activity of chokeberry ( Aronia melanocarpa ) leaves. Ind Crops Prod. 148:112328. doı:10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112328
Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Liu X, Chen X, Ding C, Dong L, Zhang J, Sun S, Ding Q, Khatoom S, Cheng Z, Liu W, Shen L, Xiao Fe. 2021. Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) as a new functional food relationship with health: an overview. Journal of Future Foods, 1(2): 168-178. doi.org/10.1016/j.jfutfo.2022.01.006.
Zhang, D.-H.;Wu, K.-L.; Zhang, X.; Deng, S.-Q.; Peng, B. 2020. In silico screening of Chinese herbal medicines with the potential to directly inhibit 2019 novel coronavirus. J. Integr. Med. 18:152–158.
Zhao C, Giusti MM, Malik M, Moyer MP, Magnuson BA. 2004. Effects of commercial anthocyanin-rich extracts on colonic cancer and nontumorigenic colonic cell growth. J Agric Food Chem. 52(20):6122-8. doi: 10.1021/jf049517a
Zheng W, Wang SY. 2003. Oxygen radical absorbing capacity of phenolics in blueberries, cranberries, chokeberries, and lingonberries. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 51(2):502-509. doi: 10.1021/jf020728u
Zlatanov M.D. 1999. Lipid composition of Bulgarian chokeberry, black currant and rose hip seed oils. J. Sci. Food Agric., 79:1620–1624. doı: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0010(199909)79:12<1620::aid-jsfa410>3.0.co;2-g
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
