The Effect of Different Irrigation Frequency and Level on Yield and Quality Characteristics of Silage Sorghum

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v12i6.924-931.6651

Keywords:

Different irrigation levels, feed quality, BMR Silage Sorghum

Abstract

This study was carried out to determine the effect of different irrigation frequency and levels on silage sorghum plant for yield and quality at the Bingöl University Agricultural Research and Application Field in 2022 using the Master BMR variety as plant material. Randomized complete blocks applying the split-plots experimental design with three replications was used; four irrigation levels (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) and four irrigation frequencies (5, 10, 15 and 20 days) were considered as treatments. Percentage of moisture replacement was determined using total moisture loss from evapotranspiration (ET). Amount of water discharged by emitters were predetermined, hence, time was used to determine the exact amount. Properties related to green forage yield, dry matter yield, crude protein ratio, crude protein yield, acid detergent insoluble fibre, neutral detergent insoluble fibre, digestible dry matter, dry matter consumption and relative feed value were investigated. Statistically significant differences between all the examined features were observed. The highest green forage yield, dry matter yield and crude protein yield were obtained from 5-day frequency and 100% level. Highest crude protein ratio from 5-day frequency and 25% level, lowest acid detergent insoluble fibre rate and highest digestible dry matter rate from 20-day frequency and 25% level, highest dry matter intake and relative feed value with the lowest neutral detergent insoluble fibre rate were observed from 25% level with 10 and 20-day frequencies. In conclusion; it can be stated that, to obtain high yield from silage sorghum, it is necessary to irrigate at 5 days frequencies and 100% level. However, high-quality product can be obtained with a 10-day frequency and a 25% level with low yield.

Author Biographies

Kağan Kökten, Department of Plant Production and Technology Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Sivas University of Science and Technology Sivas, Türkiye

Vice Rector, Sivas University of Science and Technology.

 

Department of Plant Production and Technology

Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology

Sivas University of Science and Technology

Sivas, Türkiye.

Erdal Çaçan, Department of Field Crops Institute of Sciences Bingöl University Bingöl, Türkiye

Head of Department

 

Department of Field Crops

Institute of Sciences

Bingöl University

Bingöl, Türkiye.

References

Ateş, K., & Turan, V. (2015). Some soil characteristics and the fertility status of agricultural soils in Bingöl central district. Turk. J. Agric. Res., 2, 108-113.

Atis, I., Konuskan, O., Duru, M., Gozubenli, H., & Yilmaz, S. (2012). Effect of harvesting time on yield, composition and forage quality of some forage sorghum cultivars. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 14 (6), 879-886. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40093-012-0009-2

Aydin, G., Grant, R. J., & O’Rear, J. (1999). Brown midrib sorghum in diets for lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 82 (10), 2127-2135. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(99)75406-2

Aydinsakir, K., Buyuktas, D., Dinç, N., Erdurmus, C., & Bayram, E. (2021). Yield and bioethanol productivity of sorghum under surface and subsurface drip irrigation. Agricultural Water Management, 243 (August), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2021.106566

Ball, D., Collins, M., Lacefield, G., Martin, N., Mertens, D., Olson, K., Putnam, D., Undersander, D., & Wolf, M. (2001). Understanding forage quality. American Farm Bureau Federation Publication 1-01, Park Ridge, IL.

Bean, B. W., Baumhardt, R. L., McCollum, F. T., & McCuistion, K. C. (2013). Comparison of sorghum classes for grain and forage yield and forage nutritive value. Field Crops Research, 142, 20-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2012.12.023

Bhat, B. V. (2019). Breeding forage sorghum. In Breeding Sorghum for Diverse End Uses (pp. 175-191). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814332-9.00009-1

Bhattarai, B., Singh, S., West, C. P., Ritchie, G. L., & Trostle, C. L. (2020). Water depletion pattern and water use efficiency of forage sorghum, pearl millet, and corn under water limiting condition. Agricultural Water Management, 238 (November 2019), 106206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106206

Chadalavada, K., Guna, K., Kumari, B. D. R., & Kumar, T. S. (2022). Drought stress in sorghum: impact on grain quality. In Climate Change and Crop Stress, p. 113-134. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67746-2_7

Cherney, D. J., & Parsons, D. (2020). Predicting forage quality. In FORAGES: The Science of Grassland Agriculture, 7th ed., p. 687-699. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814332-9.00026-1

Corson, D. C., Waghorn, G. C., Ulyatt, M. J., & Lee, J. (1999). NIRS: Forage analysis and livestock feeding. Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 61, 127-132.

de Morais Cardoso, L., Pinheiro, S. S., Martino, H. S. D., & Pinheiro-Sant’Ana, H. M. (2017). Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.): Nutrients, bioactive compounds, and potential impact on human health. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 57(2), 372-390. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2013.847082

Diepersloot, E. C., Paula, E. M., Sultana, H., van Santen, E., Wallau, M. O., & Ferraretto, L. F. (2021). Effects of seeding rate and hybrid relative maturity on yield, nutrient composition, ruminal in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility, and predicted milk yield of dairy cows in whole-plant corn forage in subtropical conditions. Applied Animal Science, 37(2), 106-114. https://doi.org/10.1002/jas3.105

Düzgüneş, O., Kesici, T., & Gürbüz, F. (1983). Statistical Methods. Ankara University Faculty of Agriculture, Publication No: 861.

El-Mageed, T. A. A., Rady, M. O. A., El-Wahed, M. H. A., El-Mageed, S. A. A., Omran, W. M., Aljuaid, B. S., El-Shehawi, A. M., El-Tahan, A. M., El-Saadony, M. T., & Abdou, N. M. (2022). Consecutive seasonal effect on yield and water productivity of drip deficit irrigated sorghum in saline soils. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 29(4), 2683-2690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.02.028

FAO, (2018). World Food and Agriculture: Statistical Pocketbook. In The Lancet.

Garofalo, P., & Rinaldi, M. (2013). Water-use efficiency of irrigated biomass sorghum in a Mediterranean environment. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 11(4), 1153-1169. https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2013114-4545

George, T. T., Obilana, A. O., Oyenihi, A. B., Obilana, A. B., Akamo, D. O., & Awika, J. M. (2022). Trends and progress in sorghum research over two decades, and implications for global food security. South African Journal of Botany, 151, 960-969. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2021.10.010

Gonulal, E. (2020). Performance of sorghum x sudan grass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor L. x Sorhgum sudanense) cultivars under water stress conditions of arid and semi-arid regions. J. Glob. Innov. Agric. Soc. Sci., 8(2), 78-82. https://doi.org/10.33687/gjnsa.021

Government of South Australia, (2022). Calculating Dry Matter Intakes for Various Classes of Stock. Retrieved from https://pir.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/272869/Calculating_dry_matter_intakes.pdf.

Hossain, M. S., Islam, M. N., Rahman, M. M., Mostofa, M. G., & Khan, M. A. R. (2022). Sorghum: A prospective crop for climatic vulnerability, food and nutritional security. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 8(April), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.37180/jaf.2022.003

IPCC, (2007). Climate Change 2007: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. In M. L. Parry, O. F. Canziani, J. P. Palutikof, P. J. van der Linden, & C. E. Hanson (Eds.), contribution of Working Group II to the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

IPCC, (2014). Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (C. B. Field, V. R. Barros, D. J. Dokken, K. J. Mach, M. D. Mastrandrea, T. E. Bilir, … L. L. White, Eds.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.

Kir, H., & Şahan, B. D. (2019). Yield and quality feature of some silage sorghum and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid cultivars in ecological conditions of Kırşehir province. Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, 6(3), 388-395. https://doi.org/10.35229/tjnsci.507643

Lyons, S. E., Ketterings, Q. M., Godwin, G. S., Cherney, D. J., Cherney, J. H., Van Amburgh, M. E., Meisinger, J. J., & Kilcer, T. F. (2019). Optimal harvest timing for brown midrib forage sorghum yield, nutritive value, and ration performance. Journal of Dairy Science, 102(8), 7134-7149. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-15126

McCary, C. L., Vyas, D., Faciola, A. P., & Ferraretto, L. F. (2020). Graduate Student Literature Review: Current perspectives on whole-plant sorghum silage production and utilization by lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 103(6), 5783-5790. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2019-17941

Morrison, J., Barnhart, S., & Johnson, K. (2009). Hay and Pasture. In Illinois Agronomy Handbook, p. 65-81.

Motsi, H., Molapo, M., & Phiri, E. E. (2022). A review of the adaptive capacity of sweet sorghum to improve food security and poverty alleviation in sub-Saharan Africa. South African Journal of Botany, 150, 323-329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2022.01.008

Pennells, J., Cruickshank, A., Chaléat, C., Godwin, I. D., & Martin, D. J. (2021). Sorghum as a novel biomass for the sustainable production of cellulose nanofibers. Industrial Crops and Products, 171(August). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113764

Pupo, M. R., Wallau, M. O., & Ferraretto, L. F. (2022). Effects of season, variety type, and trait on dry matter yield, nutrient composition, and predicted intake and milk yield of whole-plant sorghum forage. Journal of Dairy Science, 105(7), 5776-5785. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2021-21060

Reich, J. M. (2005). Utilizing the BMR trait in Sudangrass and sorghums. California Alfalfa and Forage Symposium, p. 12-4.

Sattler, S. E., Funnell-Harris, D. L., & Pedersen, J. F. (2010). Brown midrib mutations and their importance to the utilization of maize, sorghum, and pearl millet lignocellulosic tissues. Plant Science, 178(3), 229-238. https://doi.org/.1016/j.plantsci.2009.12.008

Steel, R. G. D., & Torrie, J. H. (1960). Principles and Procedures of Statistics with Special Reference to The Biological Sciences. New York, Toronto, London: Mc. Graw Hill Book Company, Inc.

Wedig, C. L., Jaster, E. H., Moore, K. J., & Merchen, N. R. (1987). Rumen Turnover and Digestion of Normal and Brown Midrib Sorghum × Sudangrass Hybrid Silages in Dairy Cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 70(6), 1220-1227. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(87)80253-3

Downloads

Published

10.06.2024

How to Cite

Iddrisu, A. M., Kökten, K., & Çaçan, E. (2024). The Effect of Different Irrigation Frequency and Level on Yield and Quality Characteristics of Silage Sorghum. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 12(6), 924–931. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v12i6.924-931.6651

Issue

Section

Research Paper