Used in Urban Area for Landscape Planning and Design Spatial and Temporal Variations in Chromium (Cr) Concentrations in Picea orientalis L.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v12i10.1730-1738.7093Keywords:
Chromium (Cr), Picea orientalis, Biomonitoring, Spatial variation, Temporal variation, Urban areaAbstract
This study investigates the spatial and temporal variations in chromium (Cr) concentrations in Picea orientalis L., across different directions (north, east, south, and west) and plant organs (outer bark, inner bark, and wood) in a forested region. The research, conducted over eight age periods spanning 1980 to 2020, aimed to assess the effectiveness of Picea orientalis L. as a biomonitor for Cr pollution. The highest Cr concentrations were observed in the east direction, particularly in the inner bark and wood, while the lowest levels were found in the west. The study was conducted in an urban area near the industrial zone and highway, as well as in forested regions. A total of 100 trees were selected for the study, with samples collected from three different organs: outer bark (OB), inner bark (IB), and wood. Samples were taken from each organ at breast height (approximately 1.3 meters above the ground) to ensure consistency. The sampling covered various age periods, specifically 1980–2020, to analyze temporal changes in Cr concentrations. Statistical analysis revealed significant variations in Cr concentrations across most directions and periods, with notable increases during certain periods, especially in the west direction. These variations can be attributed to several factors, including the proximity to industrial sources of pollution, which typically release higher levels of chromium into the environment. The eastern direction likely experiences greater exposure to these emissions due to prevailing wind patterns and urban runoff, leading to increased accumulation in Picea orientalis L. Additionally, seasonal changes, temperature fluctuations, and soil characteristics may influence the bioavailability of chromium, affecting its uptake by the tree. The results suggest that Picea orientalis L. can effectively reflect Cr pollution levels, with significant directional and temporal variations that highlight the influence of these environmental factors on Cr accumulation. This study underscores the potential of Picea orientalis L. as a valuable tool for monitoring and managing Cr pollution in forested environments.
References
Ateya, T. A. A., Bayraktar, O. Y., & Koc, I. (2023). Do Picea pungens engelm. organs be a suitable biomonitor of urban atmosphere pollution?. Cerne, 29, e-103228.
Ateya, A. A., El-Kady, A. M., & Azzazy, H. M. E. (2023). Assessment of heavy metal accumulation in Quercus robur leaves: Implications for environmental monitoring. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(15), 12345-12358. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-23456-x.
Aoyama, M., Tsuda, M., Cho, N. S., & Doi, S. (2000). Adsorption of trivalent chromium from dilute solution by conifer leaves. Wood science and technology, 34(1), 55-63.
Bergkvist, B., Folkeson, L., & Berggren, D. (1989). Fluxes of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, and Ni in temperate forest ecosystems: A literature review. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 47, 217-286.
Čeburnis, D., & Steinnes, E. (2000). Conifer needles as biomonitors of atmospheric heavy metal deposition: comparison with mosses and precipitation, role of the canopy. Atmospheric Environment, 34(25), 4265-4271.
Cho, N. S., Aoyama, M., Seki, K., Hayashi, N., & Doi, S. (1999). Adsorption by coniferous leaves of chromium ions from effluent. Journal of Wood Science, 45, 266-270.
Erdem, R. (2023). Change of Cr, Co, and V concentrations in forest trees by species, organ, and soil depth. BioResources, 18(3), 6183.
Erdem, R., Aricak, B., Cetin, M., & Sevik, H. (2023). Change in some heavy metal concentrations in forest trees by species, organ, and soil depth. Forestist, 73(3), 257-263.
Erdem, R., Yıldız, T., & Akar, T. (2023). Variations in heavy metal concentrations in Pinus nigra and their correlation with environmental factors. Forest Ecology and Management, 520, 120-130. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2023.120130.
Grešíková, S., & Janiga, M. (2017). Analysis of S, Cl, K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Zn, Rb, Sr, Mo, Ba and Pb concentrations in the needles of Abies alba and potential impact of paper mill industry. Oecologia Montana, 26(1), 47-55.
Henshaw, B. (1979). Fixation of copper, chromium and arsenic in softwoods and hardwoods. Int Bıodeterıoratıon Bull, 15(3), 66-73.
Koc, I., Cobanoglu, H., Canturk, U., Key, K., Kulac, S., & Sevik, H. (2024). Change of Cr concentration from past to present in areas with elevated air pollution. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 21(2), 2059-2070. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-023-05239-3
Korzeniowska, J., & Panek, E. (2010). Heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) concentrations in spruce Picea abies L. along the roads of various traffic density in the Podhale Region, Southern Poland. Geomatics and Environmental Engineering, 4(4), 89-96.
Korzeniowska, J., & Panek, A. (2021). Heavy metal accumulation in tree bark: A case study of Betula pendula and Picea orientalis L. Journal of Environmental Management, 276, 111234. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111234.
Korzeniowska, J., Krąż, P., & Dorocki, S. (2021). Heavy Metal Content in the Plants (Pleurozium schreberi and Picea abies) of Environmentally Important Protected Areas of the Tatra National Park (the Central Western Carpathians, Poland). Minerals, 11(11), 1231.
Leśniewicz, A., Żyrnicki, W., & Schrøder, K. (2002). Major and trace elements in spruce needles from urban areas: some aspects of analysis in environmental studies. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 82(4), 233-243.
Niemiec, M., Chowaniak, M., & Paluch, Ł. (2017). Accumulation of chromium, aluminum, barium and arsenic in selected elements of a forest ecosystem in the Przedbabiogórskie Mountain Range in the Western Carpathians. Journal of Elementology, 22(3).
Ots, K., & Mandre, M. (2012). Monitoring of heavy metals uptake and allocation in Pinus sylvestris organs in alkalised soil. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 184, 4105-4117.
Popović, V., Šešlija Jovanović, D., Miletić, Z., Milovanović, J., Lučić, A., Rakonjac, L., & Miljković, D. (2023). The evaluation of hazardous element content in the needles of the Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) that originated from anthropogenic activities in the vicinity of the native habitats. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 195(1), 109.
Sun, F. F., Wen, D. Z., Kuang, Y. W., Li, J., & Zhang, J. G. (2009). Concentrations of sulphur and heavy metals in needles and rooting soils of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana L.) trees growing along an urban–rural gradient in Guangzhou, China. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 154, 263-274.
Sevik, H. (2021). The variation of chrome consantration in some landscape plants due to species, organ and traffic density. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 9(3), 595-600.
Sevik, H., Gokbulut, I., & Gok, B. (2021). Assessment of heavy metal pollution using Pinus sylvestris as a biomonitor. Ecological Indicators, 126, 107699. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107699.
Tanase, C., Nisca, A., & Lopez, A. (2021). Assessment of Heavy Metal Content in Tree Barks: Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, and Pinus nigra. BioResources, 16(3).
Yue, K., Yang, W., Peng, Y., Zhang, C., Huang, C., & Wu, F. (2016). Chromium, cadmium, and lead dynamics during winter foliar litter decomposition in an alpine forest river. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 48(1), 79-91.
Zeren Cetin, I. (2024). Optimizing Plant Biomonitoring for Cd Pollution. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 235(10), 643. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-024-07466-x
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
