Type Traits of Primiparous Holstein-Friesian and Red-Holstein Cows Raised Together in a Farm in Aydın Province
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v12is4.2783-2788.7219Keywords:
Dairy cattle, Linear type traits, Body condition score, Udder depth, Mammary acuityAbstract
The aim of this study was to compare the type traits of primiparous Holstein-Friesian (HF) and Red-Holstein (RH) cows reared mixed in a private farm in Aydın province, Türkiye. In this study, 120 heads composed of HF and RH primiparous cows were used and the effects of breed, calving year (2023, 2024) and calving age (<26 mo and ≥26 mo) on type traits were also investigated. Five non-linear 100 score traits and 18 linear type traits were measured. The effect of breed on chest width (P<0.01), body condition score (P<0.01), rear legs set angle (P<0.01), hock structure (P<0.05), rear udder width (P<0.01), udder depth (P<0.01), central ligament (P<0.05), rear udder height (P<0.01), fore teat length (P<0.05) and mammary acuity (P<0.01) were found statistically significant and the overall mean scores for these traits were 5.32±0.13, 6.97±0.17, 4.83±0.09, 4.87±0.08, 5.04±0.09, 5.74±0.09, 4.73±0.04, 5.37±0.08, 8.35±0.08, 5.38±0.08 and 7.32±0.17, respectively. Also, the effect of calving year on body depth (P<0.01), udder depth (P<0.05) and rear teat placement (P<0.05) and the effect of calving age on chest width (P<0.05), rear legs set angle (P<0.05) and rear teat placement (P<0.05) were found statistically significant. For non-linear 100 scores, the breed effects on dairy strength (P<0.01), foot & legs (P<0.05), udder (P<0.01) and total score (P<0.01) were significant and the means were 82.30±0.17, 81.63±0.11, 83.98±0.09 and 83.03±0.07, respectively. As a result, the significant breed effect found in some type traits showed that HF and RH genotypes, which differ only in color genes, have been considered and reared as different breeds since the 1950’s, causing significant differences in some type traits of these two genotypes.
References
Akdağ, M. (2019). Siyah Alaca Süt Sığırlarında Tip Özellikleri Üzerine Bazı Sistematik Çevre Faktörlerinin Etkisi. [Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü].
Alıç, D. (2007). Siyah Alaca İneklerde Dış Yapı Özellikleri, Sürüde Kalma Süresi ve Süt Verimi Üzerine Araştırmalar. [Doktora Tezi. Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü].
Berry, D. P., Buckley, F., Dillon, P., Evans, R. D. & Veerkamp, R. F. (2004). Genetic relationships among linear type traits, milk yield, bodyweight, fertility and somatic cell count in primiparous dairy cows. Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research, 43(2): 161-176.Berry, D. P., Ring, S. C. & Kelleher, M. M. 2022. Linear type trait genetic trends in Irish Holstein-Friesian dairy animals. Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research, 61(2): 322-333. doi: 10.15212/ijafr-2022-0105.
Boettcher, P. J., Jairath, L. K., Koots, K. R., & Dekkers, J. C. M. (1997). Effects of interactions between type and milk production on survival traits of Canadian Holsteins. Journal of Dairy Science, 80: 2984- 2995
Çerçi, S., & Koç, A. (2006). Aydin ilinde bazı işletmelerde yetiştirilen Siyah-Alaca süt sığırlarının dış görünüşlerine göre sınıflandırılması. Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(2): 61-68.
Duru, S. (2005). Siyah Alaca Sığırlarda Dış Görünüş Özelliklerine Ait Parametre Ve Damızlık Değer Tahmini. [Doktora Tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü].
Erdem, H., Atasever, S., & Kul, E. (2017). Changes of Linear Type Trait Scores in Simmental Cows. Journal of Research in Agriculture and Animal Science, 4(10), 08-11
Erkmen, R., & Kul, E. (2021). Siyah Alaca İneklerde Dış Görünüş Özellikleri İle Süt ve Döl Verim Özellikleri Arasındaki İlişkiler. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 36(3): 454-463. doi: 10.7161/omuanajas.932318
Ermetin, O. (2007). Konya İlinde Soykütüğü Çalışmaları Yapılan İşletmelerde Yetiştirilen Siyah Alaca İneklerin Bazı Fizyolojik ve Morfolojik Özellikleri Üzerine Araştırmalar. [Doktora Tezi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü].
Funk, D. C., & Hansen, L. B. (1991). Inheritance of cow durability for linear type traits. Journal of Dairy Science, 74: 1753-1759.Gengler, N., Wiggans, G. R., Wright, J. R., Norman, H. D., & Wolfe, C. W. (1997). Estimation of (co)variance components for Jersey type traits using a repeatability model. Journal of Dairy Science, 80: 1801-1806
Gökçe, G. (2011). Çukurova Bölgesi Entansif Süt Sığırı İşletmelerindeki ilkine doğuran Siyah Alacalarda somatik hücre sayısına etki eden bazı tip, sağım ve amenajman özellikleri arası ilişkiler. [Doktora Tezi. Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü].
Güler, O., Aydın, R., Yanar, M., Koçyiğit, R., & Diler, A. (2018). The effect of non-genetic factors on the linear type traits in Brown Swiss cows reared in the Eastern Region of Turkey. Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Sciences, 33(2): 193-200. doi:10.28955/alinterizbd.431730
Güler, O., Diler, A, Yanar, M., Aydın, R., & Koçyiğit, R. (2020). Appraisal of linear type traits in Simmental cows reared on high altitude of Eastern Turkey. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 26: 331-338
Harris, R. A. (2015). Phenotypic Correlations Between Linear Type Conformation Traits, Production and Fertility in a Once-a-day Milk Dairy Cattle Herd. [M.V.Sc. Thesis. Massey University (Unpublished), Palmerston Norton, New Zealand]
ICAR, (2018). Conformation Recording (Section 05). International Committee for Animal Recording Gidelines. https://www.icar.org/Guidelines/05-Conformation-Recording.pdf
Juozaitiene, V., Juozaitis, A., & Micikeviciene, R. (2006). Relationship between Somatic Cell Count and Milk Production or Morphological Traits of Udder in Black-and-White Cows. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 30(1): 47-51
Kumlu, S. (2000). Damızlık ve Kasaplık Sığır Yetiştirme. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Zootekni Bölümü, Setma Maatbacılık, Ankara, 166s.
Künzi, N. (1994). Exterieur. (Ed. H. Kräußlich, Tierzüchtungslehre). Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart: 147-153
Lucas, J. L., Pearson, R. E., Vinson, W. E., & Johnson, L. P. (1984). Experimental Linear Descriptive Type Classification. Journal of Dairy Science, 67(8) 1767.
Marinov, I., Penev, T., & Gergovska, Z. (2015). Factors Affecting Linear Type Traits in Black-and-White Cows. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 4(10): 374-383.
Mazza, S., Guzzo, N., Sartori, C., Mantovani, R. 2016. Genetic Correlations between Type and Test-Day Milk Yield in Small Dual Purpose Cattle Populations: The Aosta Red Pied Breed as a case study. Journal of Dairy Science, 99:8127–8136 Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.3168/Jds.2016-11116
Ndihokubwayo, F., & Koç, A. (2024). Type traits of Holstein-Friesian and Red-Holstein cows raised together in a private farm in Aydın Province, Journal of Animal Science and Products, 7 (1): 1-11. DOI: 10.51970/jasp.1414198
Pryce, J. E., Veerkamp, R. F., Thompson, R., Hill, W. G., &Simm, G. (1998). Genetic Aspects of Common Health Disorders and Measures of Fertility in Holstein Friesian Dairy Cattle. Animal Science, 65: 353-360. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1357729800008559
Rogers, G. W., Banos, G., Sander-Nielsen, U., & Philipsson, J. (1998). Genetic Correlations among Somatic Cell Scores, Productive Life and Type Traits from the United States and Udder Health Measures from Denmark and Sweden. Journal of Dairy Science, 81: 1445-1453.
Rogers, G. W., Hargrove, G. L., Lawlor, T. L., & Ebersole, J. L. (1991).Correlations among Linear Type Traits and Somatic Cell Count. Journal of Dairy Science, 74: 4189-4194.
Royal, M. D., Pryce, J. E., Woolliams, J. A., & Flint, A. P. F. (2002). The Genetic Relationship between Commencement of Luteal Activity and Calving Interval, Body Condition Score, Production, and Linear Type Traits in Holstein-Friesian Dairy Cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 85: 3071-3080
Şahin, O. (2011). Süt Sığırlarında Tip Sınıflandırması ve Vücut Kondisyonu Değerlendirme. Türkiye Damızlık Sığır Yetiştiricileri Merkez Birliği Yayınları. https://kutuphane.tarimorman.gov.tr/vufind/Record/17766
SAS Institute Inc. (2010). SAS/STAT User’s Guide: ver. 9.22. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.
Schneider, M. P., Dürr, J. W., Cue, R. I., & Monardes, H. G. (2003). Impact of Type Traits on Functional Herd Life of Quebec Holsteins Assessed by Survival Analysis. Journal of Dairy Science, 86(12): 4083-4089
Veerkamp, R. F., & Brotherstone, S. (1997). Genetic Correlation between Linear Type Traits, Food Intake, Live Weight and Condition Score in Holstein-Friesian Dairy Cattle. Animal Science, 64: 385-392.
Vinson, W. E., Pearson, R. E., & Johnson, L. P. (1982). Relationships between Linear Descriptive Type Traits and Body Measurements. Journal of Dairy Science 65:p.995.
Wesseldijk, B. (2004). Secondary Traits Make up 26% of Breeding Goal. Holstein International, 11(6): 8–11.
Zavadilová, L., & Štípková, M. (2012). Genetic Correlations between Longevity and Conformation Traits in the Czech Holstein Population. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 57: 125-136.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
