Determination of Yield and Yield Components of Selected Bread Wheat Varieties and Landrace Derived Pure Lines Collected from Various Provinces of Türkiye

Abstract

Turkey‘s flora contains a substantial genetic diversity of natural wheat landrace germplasm. This study aims to compare 20 bread wheat pure lines selected from landraces and 5 varieties by their yield and yield components to select promising genotypes. Field experiments are conducted in 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 growing seasons in Çanakkale (Türkiye), according to a randomized complete block experimental design with three replications. Plant height, spike length, the number of spikelets per spike, spike weight, grain weight per spike, the number of grains per spike, the number of spikes per square meter, the number of grains per square meter, biomass, harvest index and grain yield of all bread wheat genotypes were determined. ANOVA results indicated that differences between all genotypes were significant. Commercial varieties were found to have higher grain yield, harvest index, spike weight, grain weight per spike, number of grains per spike, and number of grains per square meter compared to the landrace-derived pure lines, when pure lines were found to have higher plant height, biomass, and number of spikelets per spike. Results suggested that bread wheat landraces tended to be superior to the varieties by vegetative traits but inferior by grain properties, which could be the result of breeding efforts aimed to improve the grain yield of wheat. In conclusion, pure lines with high grain yield, Hakkari TR 47982/5 and Kırklareli TR 38316/2 were suggested as candidates to be utilized in future breeding programs.