Farmland Challenges in the Haor Basin of Bangladesh: Nature and Solutions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v12i12.2501-2507.6957Keywords:
Haor Basin, Bangladesh, Agriculture, Farmland problems, NetrokonaAbstract
Haor regions are inhabited by one of the most economically disadvantaged communities, which rely on agriculture and endure numerous challenges due to its vulnerability. This article analyzes the data obtained from Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), which were subsequently connected to prior publications to identify the nature of the agricultural land-related problems in the Netrokona Haor basin. Multiple concerns and their nature have been uncovered through the examination. Among those, difficulties in irrigation systems pose the greatest challenge for regional producers. Additional challenges encompass land fragmentation, pollution, erosion, fishing-related concerns, drainage infrastructure, and flood. This study discusses probable solutions with the directive to new research that claims collaborative venture through government and private agencies. Carefully designed research-based policy framework prioritizing strict implementation of existing laws is crucial to effectively mitigate the problem.
References
Bangladesh Gazette. 2019. Ministry of Agriculture Notification. Dhaka: Department of Printing and Publications.
Bangladesh Haor and Wetland Development Board. 2012. Master Plan of Haor Area Volume I Ministry of Water Resources. Dhaka: Centre for Environmental and Geographic Information Services.
Bangladesh Haor and Wetland Development Board. 2012. Master Plan of Haor Area Volume II Ministry of Water Resources. Dhaka: Centre for Environmental and Geographic Information Services.
Barkat, A., Mohammad Suhrawardy, G., & Irfanur Rahman, M. 2019. Haor Governance and Haor Dwellers’ Rights in Bangladesh. Final Report for Human Development Research Centre. https://www.hdrc-bd.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Final-Report_Haor-Study_HDRC_ALRD.pdf
Byomkesh, T., Nakagoshi, N., & Shahedur, R. M. 2008. State and management of wetlands in Bangladesh. Landscape and Ecological Engineering, 5(1), 81–90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11355-008-0052-5
Dalu, T., Wasserman, R. J., Jordaan, M., Froneman, W. P., & Weyl, O. L. F. 2015. An Assessment of the Effect of Rotenone on Selected Non-Target Aquatic Fauna. PLOS ONE, 10(11), e0142140. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0142140
Desta, H., Lemma, B., & Fetene, A. 2012. Aspects of climate change and its associated impacts on wetland ecosystem functions- A review. Journal of American Science, 8 (10)
Dey, N. C., Parvez, M., & Islam, M. R. 2021. A study on the impact of the 2017 early monsoon flash flood: Potential measures to safeguard livelihoods from extreme climate events in the haor area of Bangladesh. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 59, 102247.
Di Falco, S., & Zoupanidou, E. 2016. Soil fertility, crop biodiversity, and farmers’ revenues: Evidence from Italy. Ambio, 46(2), 162–172. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-016-0812-7
Ewel, J. J., Mazzarino, M. J., & Berish, C. W. 1991. Tropical Soil Fertility Changes Under Monocultures and Successional Communities of Different Structure. Ecological Applications, 1(3), 289–302. https://doi.org/10.2307/1941758
Fageria, N. K., Santos, A. B., Barbosa Filho, M. P., & Guimarães, C. M. 2008. Iron Toxicity in Lowland Rice. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 31(9), 1676–1697. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904160802244902
Farooq, M. S., Riaz, S., Abid, A., Abid, K., & Naeem, M. A. 2019. A Survey on the Role of IoT in Agriculture for the Implementation of Smart Farming. IEEE Access, 7, 156237–156271.
Havugimana, E., Bhople, B. S., Kumar, A., Byiringiro, E., Mugabo, J. P., & Kumar, A. 2015. Soil pollution–major sources and types of soil pollutants. Environ. Sci. Eng, 11, 53-86
International Fund for Agricultural Development. 2013. Bangladesh Climate: Adaptation and Livelihood Protection (CALIP).
Kangalawe, R. Y., & Liwenga, E. T. 2004. Livelihoods in the wetlands of Kilombero Valley in Tanzania: Opportunities and challenges to integrated water resource management. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 30(11-16), 968-975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2005.08.044
Karbalaei, S., Hanachi, P., Walker, T. R., & Cole, M. 2018. Occurrence, sources, human health impacts and mitigation of microplastic pollution. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(36), 36046–36063. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3508-7
King, S. L., Laubhan, M. K., Tashjian, P., Vradenburg, J., & Fredrickson, L. 2021. Wetland conservation: Challenges related to water law and farm policy. Wetlands, 41(5). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-021-01449-y
Li, X., Wang, Z., Bao, X., Sun, J., Yang, S., Wang, P., . . . Li, L. 2021. Long-term increased grain yield and soil fertility from intercropping. Nature Sustainability, 4(11), 943–950. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-021-00767-7
Ling, N. 2003. Rotenone-a review of its toxicity and use for fisheries management SCIENCE FOR CONSERVATION 211. https://www.doc.govt.nz/documents/science-and-technical/SFC211.pdf
Liu, Y., Sun, J.-D., Song, L.-K., Li, J., Chu, S.-F., Yuan, Y.-H., & Chen, N.-H. 2015. Environment-contact administration of rotenone: A new rodent model of Parkinson’s disease. Behavioural Brain Research, 294(1), 149–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2015.07.058
Ministry of Agriculture. (1999). National Agriculture Policy. Dhaka
Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief. 2023. Post Disaster Needs Assessment Bangladesh: Floods 2022.
Ministry of Environment and Forest. 1992. The Environment Policy. Dhaka
Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock. 1998. National Fisheries Policy. Dhaka
Ministry of Land. 2001. National Land Use Policy. Dhaka
Ministry of Land. 2009. Jalmohal Management Policy. Dhaka
Ministry of Water Resources. 1999. National Water Policy. Dhaka
Mondal, M. H. 2010. Crop Agriculture of Bangladesh: Challenges and Opportunities. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research. 35(2). 235-245
Monir, M. M., Rokonuzzaman, M., Sarker, S. C., Alam, E., Islam, M. K., & Islam, A. R. M. T. 2023. Spatiotemporal analysis and predicting rainfall trends in a tropical monsoon-dominated country using MAKESENS and machine learning techniques. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 13933. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-41132-2
Muchová, Z., & Jusková, K. 2017. Stakeholders’ perception of defragmentation of new plots in a land consolidation project: Given the surprisingly different Slovak and Czech approaches. Land Use Policy, 66(2017), 356–363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.05.011
Niroula, G. S., & Thapa, G. B. 2005. Impacts and causes of land fragmentation, and lessons learned from land consolidation in South Asia. Land Use Policy, 22(4), 358–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2004.10.001
Novara, A., Pisciotta, A., Minacapilli, M., Maltese, A., Capodici, F., Cerdà, A., & Gristina, L. 2018. The impact of soil erosion on soil fertility and vine vigor. A multidisciplinary approach based on field, laboratory and remote sensing approaches. Science of the Total Environment, 622-623, 474–480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.272
Ntihinyurwa, P. D., & de Vries, W. T. 2020. Farmland fragmentation and defragmentation nexus: Scoping the causes, impacts, and the conditions determining its management decisions. Ecological Indicators, 119, 106828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106828
Rahman, S., & Rahman, M. 2009. Impact of land fragmentation and resource ownership on productivity and efficiency: The case of rice producers in Bangladesh. Land Use Policy, 26(1), 95–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2008.01.003
River and Haor. 2023. https://netrokona.gov.bd/. https://netrokona.gov.bd/en/site/page/PnvX-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%93-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%93%E0%A7%9C
Salimi, S., Almuktar, S. A., & Scholz, M. (2021). Impact of climate change on wetland ecosystems: A critical review of experimental wetlands. Journal of Environmental Management, 286, 112160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112160
Savci, S. 2012. An Agricultural Pollutant: Chemical Fertilizer. International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, 3(1), 73–80. https://doi.org/10.7763/ijesd.2012.v3.191
Scholz, N. L., & McIntyre, J. K. 2015. Chemical pollution. Conservation of Freshwater Fishes (pp.149–177). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139627085.006
Shen, J., Li, R., Zhang, F., Fan, J., Tang, C., & Rengel, Z. 2004. Crop yields, soil fertility and phosphorus fractions in response to long-term fertilization under the rice monoculture system on a calcareous soil. Field Crops Research, 86(2-3), 225–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2003.08.013
Sherer, T. B., Betarbet, R., Testa, C. M., Seo, B. B., Richardson, J. R., Kim, J. H., Miller, G. W., Yagi, T., Matsuno-Yagi, A., & Greenamyre, J. T. 2003. Mechanism of toxicity in rotenone models of Parkinson’s disease. The Journal of Neuroscience : The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 23(34), 10756–10764. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-34-10756.2003
Stočes, M., Vaněk, J., Masner, J., & Pavlík, J. 2016. Internet of Things (IoT) in Agriculture - Selected Aspects. Agris On-Line Papers in Economics and Informatics, VIII(1), 83–88. https://doi.org/10.7160/aol.2016.080108
The Financial Express. August 16, 2020. Checking the Country’s Fast-Shrinking Arable Land.
Uddin, Md & Miah, Mgu & Afrad, Md Safiul Islam & Mehraj, H. & Mandal, Msh. 2015. Land use change and its impact on ecosystem services, livelihood in Tanguar haor wetland of Bangladesh. Scientia Agriculturae, 12 (2), 78-88. 10.15192/PSCP.SA.2015.12.2.7888.
Verhoeven, Jos T. A., & Tim L. Setter. 2009. Agricultural Use of Wetlands: Opportunities and Limitations. Annals of Botany, 105(1), 155–163, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2794053/, https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcp172.
Winter, T. C. 2000. THE VULNERABILITY OF WETLANDS TO CLIMATE CHANGE: A HYDROLOGIC LANDSCAPE PERSPECTIVE1. JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 36(2), 305–311. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb04269.x
Wolfgramm B, Seiler B, Kneubühler M, Liniger H. 2007. Spatial assessment of erosion and its impact on soil fertility in the Tajik foothills. EARSeL eProceedings, 6(1):12-25.
Zhao J, Wang Z, Dong Y, Yang Z, Govers G. 2022. How soil erosion and runoff are related to land use, topography and annual precipitation: Insights from a meta-analysis of erosion plots in China. Science of the Total Environment, 802, 149665. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149665
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
