Optimizing Artificial Shading for Microclimate, Yield, Leaf Nutrient and Economic Benefits in Sinceri (V. vinifera L.) Grape Cultivation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v13i3.656-663.7448Keywords:
Local grape, climate chage, shading, late harvest, economic analysisAbstract
This study was conducted on the Sinceri grape cultivar grown for both table and raisin (drying) purposes, in the 2021 growing season in Siirt/Türkiye. The primary objective was to create a microclimate within the vine canopy by installing net covers with different shading rates (35%, 55%, and 75%) during the veraison period, thereby delaying the harvest and obtaining high-quality, high-yield grapes. Regarding phenological development, the period between full bloom and harvest was the shortest under the 55% shading treatment, which also recorded the lowest mean temperature (28.54 °C) and the lowest Effective Heat Summation (EHS) value (1965.70 dd). The highest mean temperature (26.28 °C) was observed under the 75% shading treatment, while the highest EHS value (2401.05 dd) was recorded under the 35% shading treatment. In terms of yield compared to the control, the 35% shading treatment provided a 21.75% increase, the 55% treatment yielded a 57.44% increase, and the 75% treatment led to a 37.45% increase. Furthermore, it was determined that all shading treatments increased the macro- and micronutrient contents in grapevine leaves. Economic analyses for the Sinceri grape cultivar revealed that the shading treatments had a statistically significant effect on yield. In conclusion, the net cover with a 55% shading rate proved to be the most effective treatment.
References
Aksu, A. (2008). Ege bölgesinde yaygın bağcılık yapılan alanlarda tuzluluk, bor toksitesi problemlerinin ve beslenme durumunun belirlenmesi. MSc Thesis, Ankara University, Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Soil, Ankara, Türkiye, pp: 103. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
Alston, J. M., & Sambucci, O. (2019). Grapes in the World Economy. 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18601-2_1
Arnó, J., Rosell, J. R., Blanco, R., Ramos, M. C., & Martínez-Casasnovas, J. A. (2012). Spatial variability in grape yield and quality influenced by soil and crop nutrition characteristics. Precision Agriculture, 13(3), 393–410. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11119-011-9254-1/TABLES/7
Balint, G., & Reynolds, A. G. (2017). Irrigation level and time of imposition impact vine physiology, yield components, fruit composition and wine quality of Ontario Chardonnay. Scientia Horticulturae, 214, 252–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCIENTA.2016.11.052
Bigard, A., Romieu, C., Sire, Y., & Torregrosa, L. (2020). Vitis vinifera L. Diversity for Cations and Acidity Is Suitable for Breeding Fruits Coping With Climate Warming. Frontiers in Plant Science, 11, 553395. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPLS.2020.01175/BIBTEX
Cabras, P., & Angioni, A. (2000). Pesticide Residues in Grapes, Wine, and Their Processing Products. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 48(4), 967–973. https://doi.org/10.1021/JF990727A
Cangi, R., Kesgin, M., & Yağcı, A. (2011a). Sofralık Amaçlı Sultani Çekirdeksiz Üzüm Yetiştiriciliğinde Gölgeleme ve Örtü Materyali Uygulamalarının Ekonomik Analizi. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpaşa University (JAFAG), 2011(2), 9-19.
Cangi, R., Yagcı, A., Akgul, S., Kesgin, M., & Yanar, Y. (2011b). Effects of shading and covering material application for delaying harvest on gray mold disease severity. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(57), 12182-12187.
Çelik, H., Ağaoğlu, Y. S., Fidan, Y., Maraşalı, B., & Söylemezoğlu, G. (1998). Genel Bağcılık. Sun Fidan A.Ş. Professional Books Series, İstanbul, Türkiye, pp: 253.
Çelik, S. (2011). Bağcılık (Ampeloloji). Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Tekirdağ, Türkiye, pp: 426.
Country Statistics | OIV. (n.d.). Retrieved December 13, 2024, from https://www.oiv.int/what-we-do/country-report?oiv
Demirhan, E., & Aslan, A. (2022). Yerel ürünlerin üretim yöntem ve kalite parametrelerinin belirlenmesi: Tillo Herire üzüm pestili örneği/ Determination of production method and quality parameters of local products: Tillo’s grape pulp (Herire) Sample. Journal of Interdisciplinary Food Studies (Disiplinlerarası Gıda Çalışmaları Dergisi), 2(2), 93-103. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7712973
Eggeberger, W., Koblet, W., Mischeer, M., Schwarzenbach, H., & Simon, J. L. (1975). Weinbau. Verlag Huber and Co. A.G., Frauenfeld, Germany, pp: 187.
Eichorn, Von K. W. & Lorenz, D. H. (1977). Phänologische Entwicklungsstadien der Rebe. https://www.openagrar.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/openagrar_derivate_00037935/1977-032.pdf
Hizarci, Y., Ercisli, S., Yuksel, C., & Ergul, A. (2012). Genetic characterization and relatedness among autochthonous grapevine cultivars from Northeast Turkey by Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR). Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality, 85(2), 224–224. https://ojs.openagrar.de/index.php/JABFQ/article/view/2326
James, A., Mahinda, A., Mwamahonje, A., Rweyemamu, E. W., Mrema, E., Aloys, K., Swai, E., Mpore, F. J., & Massawe, C. (2023). A review on the influence of fertilizers application on grape yield and quality in the tropics. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 46(12), 2936–2957. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2022.2160761
Kesgin, M. (2011). Sofralık amaçlı sultani çekirdeksiz üzüm yetiştiriciliğinde gölgeleme-örtü materyali uygulamalarının hasadı geciktirme ve üzüm kalitesine etkisi/ Effect of shading-covering material applications on grape quality and delay harvest at table grape growing of sultani çekirdeksiz cultivar (Master's thesis) Gaziosmanpaşa University, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Horticulture. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
Kesgin, M., Yağci, A., & Cangi, R. (2020). Effects of shading treatments on physical and chemical changes of 'Sultani Çekirdeksiz' berries. Acta Hortic. 1276, 93-98. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2020.1276.13
Koç, İ. (2018). Muş (merkez) ilinde yetiştirelen üzüm çeşitlerinin ampelografik özelliklerinin klasik yöntemlerle belirlenmesi/ Determination of ampelographic charactristics of grape varieties grown in Mus (center) by classical methods (Master's thesis), Bingöl University, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Horticulture. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
Li, Q., Andom, O., Li, Y., Cheng, C., Deng, H., Sun, L., & Li, Z. (2024). Responses of grape yield and quality, soil physicochemical and microbial properties to different planting years. European Journal of Soil Biology, 120, 103587. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EJSOBI.2023.103587
Lu, H. C., Wei, W., Wang, Y., Duan, C. Q., Chen, W., Li, S. De, & Wang, J. (2021). Effects of sunlight exclusion on leaf gas exchange, berry composition, and wine flavour profile of Cabernet-Sauvignon from the foot of the north side of Mount Tianshan and a semi-arid continental climate. OENO One, 55(2), 267–283. https://doi.org/10.20870/OENO-ONE.2021.55.2.4545
Main, G. L., & Morris, J. R. (2008). Impact of Pruning Methods on Yield Components and Juice and Wine Composition of Cynthiana Grapes. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 59(2), 179–187. https://doi.org/10.5344/AJEV.2008.59.2.179
Miccichè, D., de Rosas, M. I., Ferro, M. V., Di Lorenzo, R., Puccio, S., & Pisciotta, A. (2023). Effects of artificial canopy shading on vegetative growth and ripening processes of cv. Nero d’Avola (Vitis vinifera L.). Frontiers in Plant Science, 14, 1210574. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPLS.2023.1210574/BIBTEX
Miran, B. (2002). Temel İstatistik, Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi, ISBN:975-93088-0-0, Bornova, İzmir, 297s.
Morriss, C. J., Tolfrey, K., & Coppack, R. J. (2001). Effects of short-term isokinetic training on standing long-jump performance in untrained men, The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 15(4), 498-502.
Önol, B., & Unal, Y. S. (2014). Assessment of climate change simulations over climate zones of Turkey. Regional Environmental Change, 14(5), 1921–1935. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10113-012-0335-0/FIGURES/8
Peuke, A. D. (2009). Nutrient composition of leaves and fruit juice of grapevine as affected by soil and nitrogen fertilization. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 172(4), 557–564. https://doi.org/10.1002/JPLN.200625205
Ponti, L., Gutierrez, A. P., Boggia, A., & Neteler, M. (2018). Analysis of Grape Production in the Face of Climate Change. Climate 2018, Vol. 6, Page 20, 6(2), 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/CLI6020020
Reynolds, A. G. (2022). Viticultural and vineyard management practices and their effects on grape and wine quality. Managing Wine Quality: Volume One: Viticulture and Wine Quality, 443–539. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102067-8.00012-9
Santillán, D., Garrote, L., Iglesias, A., & Sotes, V. (2020). Climate change risks and adaptation: new indicators for Mediterranean viticulture. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 25(5), 881–899. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11027-019-09899-W/FIGURES/7
Smart, R. E., Dick, J. K., Gravett, I. M., & Fisher, B. M. (1990). Canopy Management to Improve Grape Yield and Wine Quality - Principles and Practices. South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 11(1), 3–17. https://doi.org/10.21548/11-1-2232
Steenwerth, K., & Guerra, B. (2012). Influence of Floor Management Technique on Grapevine Growth, Disease Pressure, and Juice and Wine Composition: A Review. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 63(2), 149–164. https://doi.org/10.5344/AJEV.2011.10001
Tesic, D., Keller, M., & Hutton, R. J. (2007). Influence of Vineyard Floor Management Practices on Grapevine Vegetative Growth, Yield, and Fruit Composition. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 58(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.5344/AJEV.2007.58.1.1
Urban, J., Ingwers, M. W., McGuire, M. A., & Teskey, R. O. (2017). Increase in leaf temperature opens stomata and decouples net photosynthesis from stomatal conductance in Pinus taeda and Populus deltoides x nigra. Journal of Experimental Botany, 68(7), 1757–1767. https://doi.org/10.1093/JXB/ERX052
Ünal, M. S., Sağlam, H., & Kırkaya, H. (2019). Şırnak ili İdil ilçesinde yetiştirilen mahalli üzüm çeşitlerinin değerlendirilme şekilleri. Bahri Dağdaş Bitkisel Araştırma Dergisi, 8(1), 158-162.
Vivier, M. A., & Pretorius, I. S. (2000). Genetic Improvement of Grapevine: Tailoring Grape Varieties for The Third Millennium - A Review. South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 21(1), 5–26. https://doi.org/10.21548/21-1-3556
Vivier, M. A., & Pretorius, I. S. (2002). Genetically tailored grapevines for the wine industry. Trends in Biotechnology, 20(11), 472–478. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-7799(02)02058-9
Vouillamoz, J. F., McGovern, P. E., Ergul, A., Söylemezoğlu, G., Tevzadze, G., Meredith, C. P., & Grando, M. S. (2006). Genetic characterization and relationships of traditional grape cultivars from Transcaucasia and Anatolia. Plant Genetic Resources, 4(2), 144–158. https://doi.org/10.1079/PGR2006114
Winkler, A. J., Cook, J. A., Kliewer, W. M., & Lider, L. A. (1974). General Viticulture. Univ of California Pres, Berkeley, US, pp: 633.
Yetgin, M. A., & Korkmaz, A. (1991). Bağların gübrelenmesi. Ondokuz Mayis University Faculty of Agriculture, Department Horticulture, Undergraduate Seminar (Unpublished) 1986, Samsun, Türkiye.
Yilmaz, H., Demircan, V., & Ormeci Kart, M.C. (2015). Economic Analysis of Agricultural Chemical Applications in Vineyards Production in Turkey: A case study of Isparta province. Custos E Agronegocio On Line, 11(2), 80-91.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
