The Determination of Body Defects, Hatching and Chick Quality Traits in Partridge (Alectoris Chukar) Parents

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v13i3.739-749.7605

Keywords:

Partridge, Egg, Body defects, Hatching, Tona score

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the relationships between body defects, egg and chick quality and hatching results at different age periods of the laying period of partridges raised in production conditions (cage system). The study was based on three different periods. The first period is the pre-peak egg production period (˂200 eggs), the second period is the peak egg production period (˃200 eggs) and the third period is the post-peak egg production period (˂200 eggs). These periods also represent the age of the animals. As material, 432 female and 216 male partridges in their first egg production year were used. The study was organized according to the random plots experimental plan. There were changes in body defects and other health parameters depending on egg production periods. Foot-pad dermatitis and elbow burns increased with increasing age. Parent partridges had better head, neck, back, chest and tail feather condition before peak egg production. Egg weight increased with advancing age. Hatching egg characteristics such as excessively pointed eggs and eggs with calcium deposits decreased in the peak and post-peak yield period. Eggshell transparency increased with advancing age. Fertility was higher in the pre-peak egg yield period compared to other periods. Hatchability was lower after the peak period. Tona score of chicks decreased with age. There were weak negative and positive phenotypic correlations between many traits. Practices that prevent body injuries in the early egg production period and deteriorating feather condition with advancing age, decreasing shell opacity, deterioration in hatching performance and chick quality traits in partridges will be beneficial in terms of increasing both production performance and animal welfare.

References

Alkan, S., Karabağ, K., Galiç, A., Karsli, T., & Balcıoğlu, M. S. (2010). Effects of selection for body weight and egg production on egg quality traits in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) of different lines and relationships between these traits. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 16 (2), 239-244.

Alkan S., Karslı T., Durmuş İ., & Karabağ K. (2016). The effects of egg shape index on egg quality traits of guinea fowl (Numida meleagris). Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 4(9), 758-762.

Bowker, B., & Zhuang. H. (2019). Detection of razor shear force differences in broiler breast meat due to the woody breast condition depends on measurement technique and meat state. Poultry Science, 98, 6170–6176.

Boz, M. A. (2015). Doğal ve yapay kuluçka ile elde edilen kazların entansif koşullarda büyüme, kesim ve karkas özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Zootekni Ana Bilim Dalı, Doktora Tezi, Samsun, s. 168.

Chousalkar, K. K., Flynn, P., Sutherland, M., Roberts, J. R., & Cheetham, B. F. (2010). Recovery of Salmonella and Escherichia coli from commercial egg shells and effect of translucency on bacterial penetration in eggs. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 142, 207–213.

Decuypere, E., Tona, K., Brugeman, V., & Bramelis, F. (2001). The day-old chick: a cruical hinge between breeders and broilers. World Poultry Science Journal, 57,135-138.

Decuypere, E., & Bruggeman, V. (2007). The endocrine interface of environmental and egg factors affecting chick quality. Poultry Science, 86, 1037–1042.

Dere, S., İnal, Ş., Garip, M., Çağlayan, T., & Tilki, M. (2005). Japon Bıldırcınlarında (Coturnix coturnix japonica) kuluçka öncesi yumurta ağırlık kaybı ile yumurta ağırlığı ve civciv çıkış ağırlığı arasındaki ilişkiler. Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi, 21(1-2), 5-7.

Durmuş, M. (2018). Etlik Piliçlerde Civciv Kalitesi Ve Ön-Başlatma Yemi Uygulamasının Besi Performansına ve Karkas Özelliklerine Etkisi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi.

Durmuş, M., & Kutlu, H. R. (2019). Factors affecting chick quality in meat chicken production and qualitative parameters used in quality classification. Çukurova Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 34(2), 194-206.

Düzgüneş, O., Kesici, T., Kavuncu, O., & Gürbüz, F. (1987). Araştırma ve Deneme Metodları (istatistik metodları II), Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi yayınları: 1021, Ders kitabı, 295, Ankara.

Elibol, O. (2018). Embriyo Gelişimi ve Kuluçka, Editörler: Türkoğlu M., Sarıca M., Tavukçuluk Bilimi (Yetiştirme, Besleme, Hastalıklar), 5. Baskı, Bey Ofset Matbaacılık, Ankara, 151-189.

Erensoy, K., & Sarıca, M. (2022). Fast growing broiler production from genetically different pure lines in Turkey. 1. Parental traits: growth, feed intake, reproduction, and hatching traits. Tropical Animal Health and Production 54(5), 322.

Fathi, M. M., Zein, El-Dein A., El-Safty S. A., & Radwan, L. M. (2007). Using scanning electron microscopy to detect the ultrastructural variations in eggshell quality of Fayoumi and Dandarawi chicken breeds. International Journal of Poultry Science, 6, 236–241.

Gautron, J., Stapane, L., Roy, N. L., Nys, Y., Rodriguez-Navarro, A. B., & Hincke, M. T. (2021). Avian eggshell biomineralization: an update on its structure, mineralogy and protein tool kit. BMC Molecular and Cell Biology, 22, 11.

Hill, D. (2001). Chick length uniformity profiles as a field measurement of chick quality. Poultry Avian Biology Reviews, 12, 188 (Abstr).

İpek, A., Şahan, Ü., & Yılmaz, B. (2003). Japon bıldırcınlarında (Coturnix coturnix japonica) canlı ağırlık, erkek-dişi oranı ve anaç yaşının yumurta ağırlığı ve kuluçka sonuçlarına etkisi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(1),13-22.

Kamanlı, S., & Durmuş, İ. (2014). Civciv kalitesi değerlendirme yöntemleri ve civciv kalitesinin iyileştirilmesi konusundaki son yaklaşımlar. Tavukçuluk Araştırma Dergisi, 11(1), 40-44.

Lapao, C., Gama, L.T., & Soares, M. C. (1999). Effects of broiler breeder age and length of egg storage on albumen characteristics and hatchability. Poultry Science, 78(5), 640-645.

Li, H., Wen, X., Alphin, R., Zhu, Z., & Zhou, Z. (2017). Effects of two different broiler flooring systems on production performances, welfare, and environment under commercial production conditions. Poultry Science, 96, 108–1119.

Moran, Jr E. T. (1990). Effects of weight, glucose administration at hatch, and delayed access to feed and water on the poult at 2 weeks of age. Poultry Science, 69, 1718-1723.

Nie, W. (2013). Effects of Dietary Phosphorus Levels on Egg Laying Performance, Eggshell Quality and Calcium and Phosphorus Absorption in Dwarf Laying Hens [PhD]. China Agricultural University.

Noubandiguim, M. (2021). Farklı tüylenme hızına sahip etlik piliç hatları ile bunlardan karşılıklı melezlemeyle üretilen ebeveyn ve hibritlerin bazı morfolojik ve fizyolojik özellikleri. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü (Doktora tezi).

Nys, Y., Bain, M., & Immerseel, F. V. (2011). Improving the safety and quality of eggs and egg products. Pages 83−132 in Egg Formation and Chemistry. Y. Nys and N. Guyot, eds. Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, England.

Okon, B. I., Ogar, B., Mgere, O. O. (1997). Interrelationships of live body measurements of broiler chickens in a humid tropical environment. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 24(1), 7-12.

Okur, N. (2008). Farklı kuluçka uygulamalarının çıkış gücü ve broiler performansı üzerindeki etkileri, Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi.

Onbaşılar, E. E., & Avcılar, Ö. V. (2011). Kahverengi yumurtacı tavuklarda yaş ve yumurtlama zamanının yumurta ağırlığı ve kabuk kalitesi üzerine etkileri. Lalahan Hayvancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 51(1), 15-19.

Özdamar, K. (2002). Paket programlar ile istatistiksel veri analizi I, 4. baskı, Kaan Kitabevi, Eskişehir.

Özsoy, A. N. (2019). Egg and chick quality characteristics of meat type Japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) line by canonical correlation analysis. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 28(4), 2582-2588.

Ren, H.L., Zhao, X. Y., Di, K. Q., Li, L. H., Hao, E. Y., Chen, H , Zhou, R. Y., Nie, C. S., & Wang, D. H. (2023). Eggshell translucency in late-phase laying hens and its effect on egg quality and physiological indicators. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 10, 1133752.

Riber, A.B., & Hinrichsen, L. K. (2017). Welfare consequences of omitting beak trimming in barn layers. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 4, 222.

Rizzi, C., & Chiericato, G. M. (2005). Organic farming production. Effect of age on the productive yield and egg quality of hens of two commercial hybrid lines and two local breeds. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 4(sup3), 160–162.

Saatci, M., Omed, H., & Ap Dewi, I. (2006). Genetic parameters form univariate and bivariate analyses of egg and weight traits in Japanese quail. Poultry Science, 85(2), 185-190.

Sarıca, M., & Soley, F. (1995). Bıldırcınlarda (Coturnix coturnix japonica) kuluçkalık yumurta ağırlığının kuluçka sonuçları ile büyüme ve yumurta verim özelliklerine etkileri. YUTAV’95, 24-27 Mayıs, İstanbul, 475-484.

Sarıca, M., Camcı, Ö., & Selçuk, E. (2003). Bıldırcın, sülün, keklik, etçi güvercin, beç tavuğu ve devekuşu yetiştiriciliği. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Ders Kitabı No:4, Genişletilmiş 3. baskı, Samsun, s. 178.

Sarıca, M., Yamak, U. S., & Boz, M. A. (2010). Dış kaynaklı ve yerli yumurtacı hibritlerde yumurta kalitesinin yaşa bağlı değişimi. Tavukçuluk Araştırma Dergisi, 9(1), 11-17.

Sevim, B, & Aktan, S. (2020). The effects of parental weight and hatching egg weight on chick quality and development in Japanese quails. Journal of Bahri Dağdaş Animal Research, 9 (2), 88-96.

Solomon, S. E. (1991). Translucency. P.p. 111–121, in Egg and Eggshell Quality. Wolfe Publishing Limited, Aylesbury, UK.

Şeremet, Ç. (2012). Civciv kalitesini etkileyen etmenler ve değerlendirme yöntemleri. Hayvansal Üretim, 53(1), 38-43.

Tona, K., Bamelis, F., De Ketelaere, B., Bruggeman, V., Moraes, V. M. B., Buyse, J., Onagbesan, O., & Decuypere, E. (2003). Effects of egg storage time on spread of hatch, chick quality, and chick juvenile growth. Poultry Science, 82, 736–741.

Tona, K., Onagbesan, O., Jego, Y., Kamers, B., Decuypere, E., Bruggeman, V. (2004). Comparison of embryo physiological parameters during incubation, chick quality and growth performance of three lines of broiler breeders differing in genetic composition and growth rate. Poultry Science, 83, 507–513.

Tona, K., Onagbesan, O., De Ketelaere, B., Bruggeman, V., & Decupere, E., (2007). A model for predicting hatchability as a function of flock age, hatchability, storage time and season. European Poultry Science, 71, 30-34.

Tumova, E., & Ledvinka, Z. (2009). The effect of time of oviposition and age on egg weight, egg components weight and eggshell quality. Arch für Geflugelkunde, 73, 2, 110-5.

Türkoğlu, M., & Sarıca, M. (2014). Tavukçuluk Bilimi. Yetiştirme, Besleme, Hastalıklar. Bey-Ofset Matbaacılık, Ankara, 671 sayfa.

Wang, D. H., Li, Y. J., Liu, L., Liu, J. S., Bao, M., Yang, N., Zhuo-Cheng, H., & Ning, Z. H. (2017). Traits of eggshells and shell membranes of translucent eggs. Poultry Science, 96, 351–358.

Yahaya, H. K., Ibrahim, H., & Abdulsalam, S. (2012). Correlation between body weight and body conformation of two broiler strains under the same dietary treatment. International Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 4(3), 181-183.

Yamak, U. S., & Sarica, M. (2012). Relationships between feather score and egg production and feed consumption of different layer hybrids kept in conventional cages. Archiv Fur Geflugelkunde, 76, 31-37.

Yılmaz, S., Sarıca, M., & Erensoy, K. (2020). The effects of end of the growth period live weights on pure lines egg yield used in brown egg production. Journal of Poultry Research, 17(2), 63-74.

Yılmaz, A., & Çağlayan, T. (2008). Farklı tüy rengine sahip Japon bıldırcınlarında (Coturnix coturnix japonica) yumurta ağırlığı, şekil indeksi ve çıkım ağırlığı ile bu özellikler arası ilişkiler. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Veteriner Dergisi, 22(1), 5-8.

Zhang, H. D., Zhao, X. F., Ren, Z. Z., Tong, M. Q., Chen, J. N., Li, & S. Y., et al. (2021). Comparison between different breeds of laying hens in terms of eggshell translucency and its distribution in various ends of the eggshell. Poultry Science, 100(12), 101510.

Zhao, P., Yan, L., Zhang, T., Yin, H., Liu, J., Wang, J. (2021). Effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and essential oil complex on productive performance, egg quality, and uterus antioxidant capacity of laying hens. Poultry Science, 100(11), 101410.

Downloads

Published

14.03.2025

How to Cite

Yıldırım, S., Boz, M. A., & Erensoy, K. (2025). The Determination of Body Defects, Hatching and Chick Quality Traits in Partridge (Alectoris Chukar) Parents. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 13(3), 739–749. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v13i3.739-749.7605

Issue

Section

Research Paper