Building Trust from Farm to Fork in Organic Agriculture: A Closer Look at Inspection and Certification Systems

Baird, I.G. (2024). Going organic: Challenges for government-supported organic rice promotion and certification nationalism in Thailand. World Development, 173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2023.106421

Bellassen, V., Drut, M., Hilal, M., Bodini, A., Donati, M., Labarre, M.D., Filipovi´c, J., Gauvrit, L., Gil, J.M., Hoang, V., Rawlikowska, A.M., Mattas, K., Dilhan, S.M., Muller, P., Napasintuwong, O., Peerlings, J., Pom´eon j, T., Maksan, M.T., Török, A., Veneziani, M., Vittersø, G., & Arfini, F., (2022). The economic, environmental and social performance of European certified food. Ecological Economics, 191: 107244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2021.107244

Bernabe´u, R., Brugarolas, M., Martı´nez-Carrasco, L., & Dı´az, M. (2008). Wine origin and organic elaboration, differentiating strategies in traditional producing countries. British Food Journal, 110(2): 174-188. https://doi.org/10.1108/00070700810849899

Bhat, B.R., (2009). Opportunity and challenge of organic certification system in Nepal. The Journal of Agriculture and Environment, 10: 124-128. https://doi.org/10.3126/aej.v10i0.2139

Bonisoli, L., Gomez, E.G., Munoz, L.P., & Perez-Mesa, J.C., 2019. Benchmarking agri-food sustainability certifications: evidence from applying SAFA in the Ecuadorian banana agri-system. Journal of Cleaner Production, 236, 117579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.07.054

Brown, M.F., (2010). A Tale of three buildings: certifying virtue in the new moral economy. American Ethnologist, 37(4): 741-52. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1425.2010.01282.x

Brzezina, N., Biely, K., Helfgott, A., Kopainsky, B., Vervoort, J., & Mathijs, E., (2017). Development of Organic Farming in Europe at the Crossroads: looking for the way forward through system archetypes lenses. Sustainability, 9: 821. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9050821

Canavari, M., Cantore, N., Pignatti, E., & Spadoni, R., (2010). Role of certification bodies in the organic production system, ed: Looking east looking west-Organic and quality Food Marketing in Asia and Europe, Wageningen Academic Publishers, 241 pages. https://doi.org/10.3920/9789086867035_006

Canwat, V., & Onakuse, S., (2022). Organic agriculture: A fountain of alternative innovations for social, economic, and environmental challenges of conventional agriculture in a developing country context. Cleaner and Circular Bioeconomy, 3, 100025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clcb.2022.100025

Dabbert, S., Lippert, C., & Zorn, A., (2014). Introduction to the special section on organic certification systems: policy issues and research topics. Food Policy, 49: 425-428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2014.05.009

Demiryürek, K., & Bozoğlu, M., (2007). The alignment of Turkish organic agriculture policy to The Europen Union. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Ondokuz Mayıs University, 22(3): 316-321.

Esguícero, F.J. Rotoli, L.U.M., Battistelle, R.A.G., Deus, R.M., Siqueira, R.M., & Bezerra, B.S., (2019). Application of multi-criteria decision-making methods: certification mechanisms for organic produce in Brazil. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 76(5): 843-860, https://doi.org/10.1080/00207233.2019.1594216

FAO- Food and Agriculture Organization, 2007. Certification costs and managerial skills under different organic certification schemes - selected case studies. Agricultural Management, Marketing and Finance Working Document. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.

FAO/IFOAM/UNCTAD, 2012. Guide for assessing equivalence of organic standards and technical regulations (EquiTool), Organic Equivalence Tools, International Requirements for Organic Certification Bodies (IROCB). Published by United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM). ISBN-13: 978-3-940946-97-3.

Ferguson, J.J., 2004. Organic certification procedures and costs. a series of the Horticultural Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida.

Fouilleux, E., & Loconto, A., 2015. Institutionalizing voluntary regulation: intrigues of standards, markets and politics in the global organic agriculture field. The Theory of Regulation in Times of Crises, Conference Research & Regulation 2015, 9-12 June 2015, Paris.

Fouilleux, E., & Loconto, A., (2017). Voluntary standards, certification, and accreditation in the global organic agriculture field: a tripartite model of techno-politics. Agriculture and Human Values ,34: 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-016-9686-3

Galvin, S.S., (2018). The Farming of trust: organic certification and the limits of transparency in Uttarakhand, India. American Ethnologist, 45(4): 495-507. https://doi.org/10.1111/amet.12704

Gerrard, C., Janssen, M., Smith, L., Hamm, U., & Padel, S., (2013). UK consumer reactions to organic certification logos. British Food Journal, 115(5): 727-742 https://doi.org/10.1108/00070701311331517

Giannakas, K., (2002). Information asymmetries and consumption decisions in organic food product markets. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 50(1): 35-50. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7976.2002.tb00380.x

Gibbon, P., (2008). An analysis of standards‐based regulation in the E.U. organic sector, 1991-2007. Journal of Agrarian Change, 8(4): 553-582. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0366.2008.00180.x

Giovannucci, D. 2006. Salient Trends in organic standards: opportunities and challenges for developing countries. Prepared for the World Bank/USAID Trade and Standards E-learning Course, January-March. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.996093

Guevara-Hernández, F., Nahed-Toral, J., Rodríguez-Larramendi, L., Pinto-Ruiz, R., Cruz-Rodríguez, G., Mendoza-Nazar, P., & Gómez-Castro, H., (2014). A social approach for the assessment of transition farms: taking steps toward whole-system organic certification in Mexico. Journal of Human Ecology, 46(3): 285-296. https://doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2014.11906727

IFOAM, 2019. The IFOAM norms organic production processing version 2014. http://www.ifoam.bio/sites/default/files/ifoam_norms_version_july_2014.pdf (accessed on 1 February 2016).

Jahn, G., Schramm, M., & Spiller, A., 2005. The Reliability of organic certification: an approach to investigate the audit quality. 15th IFOAM Organic World Congress, Paper at: Researching Sustainable Systems-International Scientific Conference on Organic Agriculture, Adelaide, Australia, September 21-23, 2005 (Unpublished).

Jawtusch, J., Oehen, B., & Niggli, U., (2011). Standards and regulations. the world of organic agriculture

Johnson, S., DeCarlo, A., Satyal, P., Dosoky, N.S., Sorensen, A., & Setzer, W.N., (2019). Organic certification is not enough: the case of the methoxydecane frankincense. Plants, 8:88. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8040088

Kamau, J.W., Schader, C., Biber‑Freudenberger, L., Stellmacher, T., Amudavi, D.M., Landert, J., Blockeel, J., Whitney, C., & Borgemeister, C. (2022). Environment, Development and Sustainability, 24: 6984-7021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-01736-y

Khanna, S.A., & Tripathee, L., (2018). Organic certification: a case study of organic valley, Nepal. International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences, 4(1): 14-20. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20180401.13

Kurtz, H.E., Dittmer, J., Trauger, A., & Blue, S., (2021). Organic certification as assemblage: the case of Cuban honey. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 46: 299-313. https://doi.org/10.1111/tran.12419

Lang, M., & Rodrigues, A.C., (2022). A Comparison of organic-certified versus non-certified natural foods: perceptions and motives and their influence on purchase behaviors. Appetite, 168, 105698. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2021.105698

Larceneux, F., Benoit-Moreau, F., & Renaudin, V., (2012). Why might organic labels fail to influence consumer choices? Marginal labelling and brand equity effects. Journal of Consumer Policy, 35:85-104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10603-011-9186-1

Leksina, A.A., Novikov, I.S., & Aleshina, E.A., (2020). Assessment of the development of organic production in various market systems. Scientific Papers Series Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development, 20(4): 313-322.

Liberatore, L., Casolani, N., & Murmura, F., (2018). What’s Behind organic certification of extra-virgin olive oil? a response from Italian consumers. Journal of Food Products Marketing, 24(8): 946-959. https://doi.org/10.1080/10454446.2018.1426513

Lippert, C., Zorn, A., & Dabbert, S., (2016). Optimizing inspection strategies to enforce organic farming standards. German Journal of Agricultural Economics, 65(1): 16-29. https://doi.org/10.52825/gjae.v65i1.2011

McCluskey, J.J., (2000). A Game theoretic approach to organic foods: an analysis of asymmetric information and policy. Agricultural and Resource Economics Review, 29(1): 9. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1068280500001386

Reddy, A.A., Melts, I., Mohan, G., Rani, Ch.R., Pawar, V., Singh, V., Choubey, M., Vashishtha, T., Suresh, A., & Bhattarai, M., (2022). Economic Impact of organic agriculture: evidence from a Pan-India survey. Sustainability, 14, 15057. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142215057

Rodrigues, D.B., Dalmarco, D.A.S., Aoqui, C., & Marinho. B.L., (2016). The Meaning of the Organic Certification Label for the Consumer: A Cluster Analysis. REGE-Revista de Gestão, 23(4): 316-325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rege.2016.08.001

Santacoloma, P., 2007. Organic certification schemes: managerial skills and associated costs. synthesis report from case studies in the rice and vegetable sectors. Agricultural Management, Marketing and Finance Occasional Paper, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.

Schmid, O., 2007. Development of standards for organic farming. Organic Farming: an International History, 1st ed.; CAB international: Wallingford, UK. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851998336.0152

Seidel, C., Heckelei, T., & Lakner, S., (2019). Conventionalization of organic farms in Germany: An Empirical Investigation Based on a Composite Indicator Approach. Sustainability, 11: 2934. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11102934

Seppänen, L., & Helenius, J., (2004). Do inspection practices in organic agriculture serve organic values? A Case Study from Finland. Agriculture and Human Values, 21: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:AHUM.0000014021.76147.7d

Shahane, A.A., & Behera, U., (2022). Significance of promotion and awareness creation of organic certification procedure by agricultural colleges in Meghalaya State. Acta Scientific Agriculture, 6(10): 56-60. https://doi.org/10.31080/ASAG.2022.06.1192

Shreck, A., Getz, C., & Feenstra, G. (2006). Social sustainability, farm labor, and organic agriculture: Findings from an exploratory analysis. Agriculture and Human Values, 23: 439-449. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-006-9016-2

Siderer, Y., Maquetb, A., & Anklamb, E., (2005). Need for research to support consumer confidence in the growing organic food market. Trends in Food Science & Technology. 16: 332-343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2005.02.001

Sligh, M., & Cierpka, T., (2007). “Organic values”. Organic farming: An international history, 1st ed.; CAB International: Wallingford, UK. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851998336.0030

Solfanelli F., Ozturk, E., Pugliese P., & Zanoli, R., (2021). Potential outcomes and impacts of organic group certification in Italy: An evaluative case study. Ecological Economics, 187, 107107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2021.107107

Sønderskov, M., & Daugbjerg, C., (2011). The state and consumer confidence in eco-labeling: organic labeling in Denmark, Sweden, The United Kingdom and The United States. Agriculture and Human Values, 28: 507-517. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-010-9295-5

Ssebunyaa, B.R., Schadera, C., Baumgarta, L., Landerta, J., Altenbuchnerb, C., Schmidb, E., & Stolzea, M., (2019). Sustainability performance of certified and non-certified smallholder coffee farms in Uganda. Ecological Economics, 156: 35-47 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2018.09.004

Stolz, H., Moschitz, H., & Janssen, M. (2013). Organic certification labels from the perspective of consumers in Switzerland. Journal of Socio-Economics in Agriculture (Until 2015: Yearbook of Socioeconomics in Agriculture), Swiss Society for Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, 6(1): 225-246.

Tayleur, C., Balmford, A., Buchanan, G.M., Butchart, S.H.M., Ducharme, H., Green, R.E., Milder, J.C., Sanderson, F.J., Thomas, D.H.L., Vickery, J., & Phalan, B., (2017). Global coverage of agricultural sustainability standards, and their role in conserving biodiversity. Conservation Letters, 10(5): 610-618. https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12314

Thimmaiah, A., 2014. Zero-cost organic certification system: a beginning. Poster at: IFOAM Organic World Congress 2014, Istanbul, Turkey, 13-15 October 2014.

UNCTAD/UNEP, 2008. Best practices for organic policy: what developing country governments can do to promote the organic agriculture sector. United Nations Publication, UNCTAD/DITC/TED/2007/3.

Van Loo, E.J., Diem, M.N.H., Pieniak, Z., & Verbeke, W., (2013). Consumer attitudes, knowledge, and consumption of organic yogurt. Journal of Dairy Science, 96:2118–2129 http://dx.doi.org/ 10.3168/jds.2012-6262

Veldstra, M.D., Alexander, C.E., & Marshall, M.I., (2014). To certify or not to certify? separating the organic production and certification decisions. Food Policy, 49: 429-436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2014.05.010

Watkins, N., 2016. Organic certification: fraud in the supply chain. Loyola Marymount University.

Willer H., & Lernoud J. 2018. The world of organic agriculture. statistics and emerging trends 2018. Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL, Frick, and IFOAM-Organics International, Bonn, 354 pages.

Willer, H., Schlatter, B., & Trávníček, J. (Eds.), 2023. The world of organic agriculture. statistics and emerging trends 2023. Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL, Frick, and IFOAM-Organics International, Bonn, 358 pages.

Xie, B., Tingyou, L., & Yi, Q., (2009). Organic certification and the market: organic exports from and imports to China. British Food Journal, 113(10): 1200-1216. https://doi.org/10.1108/00070701111177647

Yemez, İ., & Akca, T.D. (2024). The Effect of trust factors in organic food on consumers’ purchasing behavior (Turkish). Erciyes University Journal of Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 68, 37-47, doi: 10.18070/erciyesiibd.1376067

Zagata, L., & Lostak, M., (2012). In goodness we trust. the role of trust and institutions underpinning trust in the organic food market. Sociologia Ruralis, 52(4): 470-487. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9523.2012.00574.x

Zander, K., Padel, S., & Zanoli, R., (2015). EU organic logo and its perception by consumers. British Food Journal, 117(5): 1506-1526. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-08-2014-0298

Zorn, A., Lippert, C., & Dabbert, S., (2012). Supervising a system of approved private control bodies for certification: The case of organic farming in Germany. Food Control, 25: 525-532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.11.013