Comparison of Genetic Structure Using Molecular Markers in Estivated and Hibernated Native Bombus terrestris (L.) Populations

Abstract

In this study, we aimed to investigate genetic differences between estivated Phassalis and hibernated Termessos native B. terrestris populations based on 20 microsatellite loci and two mtDNA gene regions (COI and cytb). The mean number of allele per locus, observed heterozigosity and inbreeding coefficients were determined 12.00 and 11.00, 0.68 and 0.65, 0.22 and 0.26 in Termessos and Phassalis populations, respectively. Pairwise FST value was calculated as 0.023 by using 20 microsatellite loci. According to the mtDNA COI gene region, all samples in both two populations were included in a single haplotype (Haplotype B). Four different haplotypes (Haplotypes 1-4) were determined according to the mtDNA cytb gene region. Pairwise FST value was calculated as 0.0013 according to the mtDNA cytb gene region. There were no significant differences between these two natural B. terrestris populations in terms of the 20 microsatellite and two mtDNA loci examined. According to results, life cycle differences of different native B. terrestris population are probably determined by environmental factors (photoperiod, temperature, flora, moisture, altitude etc.) rather than genetic influences.