Investigation and Quantification of Phthalate Esters in Packaged Milk: A Study in Türkiye

Abtahi, M., Dobaradaran, S., Torabbeigi, M., Jorfi, S., Gholamnia, R., Koolivand, A., … Saeedi, R. (2019). Health risk of phthalates in water environment: Occurrence in water resources, bottled water, and tap water, and burden of disease from exposure through drinking water in tehran, Iran. Environmental Research, 173(April), 469–479. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2019.03.071

Arbuckle, T. E., Davis, K., Marro, L., Fisher, M., Legrand, M., LeBlanc, A., … Fraser, W. D. (2014). Phthalate and bisphenol A exposure among pregnant women in Canada — Results from the MIREC study. Environment International, 68, 55–65. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENVINT.2014.02.010

Arfaeinia, L., Dobaradaran, S., Nasrzadeh, F., Shamsi, S., Poureshgh, Y., & Arfaeinia, H. (2020). Phthalate acid esters (PAEs) in highly acidic juice packaged in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) container: Occurrence, migration and estrogenic activity-associated risk assessment. Microchemical Journal, 155(2020), 104719. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MICROC.2020.104719

Arvanitoyannis, I. S., & Kotsanopoulos, K. V. (2013). Migration phenomenon in food packaging. food-package interactions, mechanisms, types of migrants, testing and relative legislation-A review. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 7(2014), 21–36. Retrieved 15 March 2022 from https://doi.org/10.1007/S11947-013-1106-8/TABLES/2

Balthazar, C. F., Cabral, L., Guimarães, J. T., Noronha, M. F., Cappato, L. P., Cruz, A. G., & Sant’Ana, A. S. (2022). Conventional and ohmic heating pasteurization of fresh and thawed sheep milk: Energy consumption and assessment of bacterial microbiota during refrigerated storage. Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies, 76, 102947. Retrieved 14 November 2022 from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2022.102947

Bekhta, P., Lyutyy, P., Hiziroglu, S., & Ortynska, G. (2016). Properties of Composite Panels Made from Tetra-Pak and Polyethylene Waste Material. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 24(2), 159–165. Retrieved 25 November 2022 from https://doi.org/10.1007/S10924-016-0758-7/TABLES/4

Buckley, J. P., Quirós-Alcalá, L., Teitelbaum, S. L., Calafat, A. M., Wolff, M. S., & Engel, S. M. (2018). Associations of prenatal environmental phenol and phthalate biomarkers with respiratory and allergic diseases among children aged 6 and 7 years. Environment International, 115, 79–88. Retrieved 15 March 2022 from https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENVINT.2018.03.016

Cadwallader, D. C., Gerard, P. D., & Drake, M. A. (2023). The role of packaging on the flavor of fluid milk. Journal of Dairy Science, 106(1), 151–167. Retrieved 30 November 2022 from https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2022-22060

Chalupa-Krebzdak, S., Long, C. J., & Bohrer, B. M. (2018). Nutrient density and nutritional value of milk and plant-based milk alternatives. International Dairy Journal, 87, 84–92. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IDAIRYJ.2018.07.018

Cirillo, T., Latini, G., Castaldi, M. A., Dipaola, L., Fasano, E., Esposito, F., … Cobellis, L. (2015). Exposure to di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate and bisphenol A through infant formulas. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 63(12), 3303–3310. Retrieved 28 November 2022 from https://doi.org/10.1021/JF505563K

Collard, K. M., & McCormick, D. P. (2021). A Nutritional Comparison of Cow’s Milk and Alternative Milk Products. Academic Pediatrics, 21(6), 1067–1069. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2020.12.007

Dobaradaran, S., Akhbarizadeh, R., Javad Mohammadi, M., Izadi, A., Keshtkar, M., Tangestani, M., … Mahmoodi, M. (2020). Determination of phthalates in bottled milk by a modified nano adsorbent: Presence, effects of fat and storage time, and implications for human health. Microchemical Journal, 159, 105516. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MICROC.2020.105516

Ebrahimi, A., Moazeni, M., Esfandiari, Z., Estaki, F., Majd, A. M. S., Mirlohi, M., … Pourzamani, H. (2016). Qualitative evaluation of bottled water stored in polyethylene terephtalate based on organic chemical compounds. Anuário Do Instituto de Geociências - UFRJ, 39(2), 29–35. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.11137/2016_2_29_35

EU. (2011). Commission Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 of 14 January 2011 on plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food. Official Journal of the European Union, 220(27), 1–89. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2011:012:0001:0089:EN:PDF

Farajzadeh, M. A., Djozan, D., Reza, M., Mogaddam, A., & Norouzi, J. (2012). Determination of phthalate esters in cow milk samples using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatography followed by flame ionization and mass spectrometric detection. Journal of Separation Science, 35(5–6), 742–749. Retrieved 1 July 2022 from https://doi.org/10.1002/JSSC.201100853

Feng, Y.-L., Zhu, J., & Sensenstein, R. (2005). Development of a headspace solid-phase microextraction method combined with gas chromatography mass spectrometry for the determination of phthalate esters in cow milk. Analytica Chimica Acta, 538(1–2), 41–48. Retrieved 1 March 2022 from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2005.02.020

Fierens, T., Servaes, K., Van Holderbeke, M., Geerts, L., De Henauw, S., Sioen, I., & Vanermen, G. (2012). Analysis of phthalates in food products and packaging materials sold on the Belgian market. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50(7), 2575–2583. Retrieved 15 March 2022 from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2012.04.029

Fierens, T., Van Holderbeke, M., Willems, H., De Henauw, S., & Sioen, I. (2013). Transfer of eight phthalates through the milk chain — A case study. Environment International, 51, 1–7. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENVINT.2012.10.002

Herrero, L., Quintanilla-López, J. E., Fernández, M. A., & Gómara, B. (2021). Plasticisers and preservatives in commercial milk products: A comprehensive study on packages used in the Spanish market. Food Chemistry, 338, 128031. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FOODCHEM.2020.128031

Isci, G. (2023). Estimation of exposure to phthalate esters from consumption of powdered infant formula sampled in Turkey. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 40(6), 745–756. Retrieved 22 May 2023 from https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2023.2213348

Isci, G. (2024). Assessment of phthalate esters in packaged fruit juices sold in the Turkish market and their implications on human health risk. Food Chemistry, 435(September 2023), 137658. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137658

Jia, W., Chu, X., Ling, Y., Huang, J., & Chang, J. (2014). Analysis of phthalates in milk and milk products by liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A, 1362, 110–118. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHROMA.2014.08.030

Kargarghomsheh, P., Naghashan, M., Farhadiyan, S., Arabameri, M., Tooryan, F., & Shariatifar, N. (2023). Determination of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) along with probabilistic health risk assessment in fruit juice samples in Tehran, Iran. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(15), 44833–44844. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-25313-0

Kim, M., Yun, S. J., & Chung, G.-S. (2009). Determination of phthalates in raw bovine milk by gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC/TOF-MS) and dietary intakes. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 26(1), 134–138. Retrieved 1 July 2022 from https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030802342471

Lin, J., Chen, W., Zhu, H., & Wang, C. (2015). Determination of free and total phthalates in commercial whole milk products in different packaging materials by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of Dairy Science, 98(12), 8278–8284. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-10066

Matsumoto, M., Hirata-Koizumi, M., & Ema, M. (2008). Potential adverse effects of phthalic acid esters on human health: A review of recent studies on reproduction. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 50(1), 37–49. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/J.YRTPH.2007.09.004

Mehraie, A., Shariatifar, N., Arabameri, M., Moazzen, M., Mortazavian, A. M., Sheikh, F., & Sohrabvandi, S. (2022). Determination of phthalate acid esters (PAEs) in bottled water distributed in tehran: a health risk assessment study. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 00(00), 1–15. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2022.2062239

Mirzaei, S., Ahmadi, M., Shariatifar, N., & Ariaii, P. (2023). Analysis of phthalate acid esters in butter and cheese samples using MSPE-GC/MS method: A health risk assessment study. International Journal of Dairy Technology, 76(4), 1000–1011. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0307.13001

Moazzen, M., Mahvi, A. H., Shariatifar, N., Jahed Khaniki, G., Nazmara, S., Alimohammadi, M., … Norouzian Baghani, A. (2018). Determination of phthalate acid esters (PAEs) in carbonated soft drinks with MSPE/GC–MS method. Toxin Reviews, 37(4), 319–326. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2017.1378234

Mondal, R., Chakraborty, D., & Majumdar, D. (2022). Phthalate esters from packaged milk and associated human health risk: a monte carlo probabilistic simulation approach. Mapan - Journal of Metrology Society of India, 37(2), 409–419. Retrieved 24 September 2022 from https://doi.org/10.1007/s12647-022-00531-y

Pang, X., Skillen, N., Gunaratne, N., Rooney, D. W., & Robertson, P. K. J. (2021). Removal of phthalates from aqueous solution by semiconductor photocatalysis: A review. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 402, 123461. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2020.123461

Pereira, P. C. (2014). Milk nutritional composition and its role in human health. Nutrition, 30(6), 619–627. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2013.10.011

Rejeesh, C. R., & Anto, T. (2022). Packaging of milk and dairy products: Approaches to sustainable packaging. Materials Today: Proceedings, 2022(xxxx). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.07.467

Sajid, M., Basheer, C., Alsharaa, A., Narasimhan, K., Buhmeida, A., Al Qahtani, M., & Al-Ahwal, M. S. (2016). Development of natural sorbent based micro-solid-phase extraction for determination of phthalate esters in milk samples. Analytica Chimica Acta, 924, 35–44. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2016.04.016

Selvaraj, K. K., Mubarakali, H., Rathinam, M., Harikumar, L., Sampath, S., Shanmugam, G., & Ramaswamy, B. R. (2016). Cumulative exposure and dietary risk assessment of phthalates in bottled water and bovine milk samples: A preliminary case study in Tamil Nadu, India. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, 22(5), 1166–1182. Retrieved 1 July 2022 from https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2016.1146984/SUPPL_FILE/BHER_A_1146984_SM6221.DOC

Silva, B. Q., & Smetana, S. (2022). Review on milk substitutes from an environmental and nutritional point of view. Applied Food Research, 2(1), 100105. Retrieved 14 November 2022 from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.afres.2022.100105

Sørensen, L. K. (2006). Determination of phthalates in milk and milk products by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 20(7), 1135–1143. Retrieved 5 December 2022 from https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.2425

US EPA. (1988). IRIS Toxicological Review of Butyl benzyl phthalate. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Center for Environmental Assessment. Retrieved from https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris/iris_documents/documents/subst/0293_summary.pdf

Wang, J., Chen, G., Christie, P., Zhang, M., Luo, Y., & Teng, Y. (2015). Occurrence and risk assessment of phthalate esters (PAEs) in vegetables and soils of suburban plastic film greenhouses. Science of the Total Environment, 523, 129–137. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.101

Yang, J., Li, Y., Wu, X., Ren, L., Zhang, J., Wang, Y., … Sun, C. (2017). Gas chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry for successive single-surface migration study of phthalate esters from polythene film. Food Control, 73, 1134–1143. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FOODCONT.2016.10.029